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The Idiot
The Idiot

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Idiot is here in full — 4337 sentences across 868 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/867 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.
The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.
Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.
All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.
When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Idiot

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Idiot is here in full — 4337 sentences across 868 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/867 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.
/təˈwɔːrdz ðə end ʌv noʊˈvembər ˈdʊrɪŋ ə θɔː æt naɪn əˈklɑːk wʌn ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ə treɪn ɑːn ðə ˈwɔːrsɔː ənd ˈpiːtərzbərɡ ˈreɪlweɪ wɑːz əˈproʊtʃɪŋ ðə ˈlætər ˈsɪti æt fʊl spiːd/
Line 2
The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.
/ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ wɑːz soʊ dæmp ənd ˈmɪsti ðæt ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊnli wɪð ɡreɪt ˈdɪfəkəlti ðæt ðə deɪ səkˈsiːdɪd ɪn ˈbreɪkɪŋ ənd ɪt wɑːz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl tuː dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ ˈeniθɪŋ mɔːr ðæn ə fjuː jɑːrdz əˈweɪ frʌm ðə ˈkærɪdʒ ˈwɪndoʊz/
Line 3
Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.
Line 4
All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.
/ɔːl ʌv ðem siːmd ˈwɪri ənd moʊst ʌv ðem hæd ˈsliːpi aɪz ənd ə ˈʃɪvərɪŋ ɪkˈspreʃən waɪl ðer kəmˈplekʃənz ˈdʒenərəli əˈpɪrd tuː hæv ˈteɪkən ɑːn ðə ˈkʌlər ʌv ðə fɑːɡ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/
Line 5
When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complexions noun US /kəmˈplekʃənz/

plural of “complexion” — the coloring of a person's face

From this reading “All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.”

misty adjective US /ˈmɪsti/

filled or abounding with fog or mist

From this reading “The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.”

occupations noun US /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “occupation” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading “Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.”

stations noun US /ˈsteɪʃənz/

(Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary

From this reading “Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.”

thaw noun US /θɔː/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.”

Warsaw noun US /ˈwɔːrsɔː/

the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland

From this reading “Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

complexionsnounUS /kəmˈplekʃənz/

plural of “complexion” — the coloring of a person's face

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

insignificantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/

signifying nothing

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

mistyadjectiveUS /ˈmɪsti/

filled or abounding with fog or mist

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

occupationsnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “occupation” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

passengersnounUS /ˈpæsəndʒərz/

plural of “passenger” — a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

sleepyadjectiveUS /ˈsliːpi/

ready to fall asleep

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

stationsnounUS /ˈsteɪʃənz/

(Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

thawnounUS /θɔː/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

third-class

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

WarsawnounUS /ˈwɔːrsɔː/

the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Towards the end of November, during a thaw, at nine o’clock one morning, a train on the Warsaw and Petersburg railway was approaching the latter city at full speed.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Some of the passengers by this particular train were returning from abroad; but the third-class carriages were the best filled, chiefly with insignificant persons of various occupations and degrees, picked up at the different stations nearer town.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When day dawned, two passengers in one of the third-class carriages found themselves opposite each other.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading All of them seemed weary, and most of them had sleepy eyes and a shivering expression, while their complexions generally appeared to have taken on the colour of the fog outside.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The morning was so damp and misty that it was only with great difficulty that the day succeeded in breaking; and it was impossible to distinguish anything more than a few yards away from the carriage windows.

Chapter 1 of The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky holds 4337 sentences, grouped into 868 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Idiot contain?

Chapter 1 holds 4337 sentences of The Idiot, unabridged, divided into 868 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 4337 sentences, grouped into 868 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Idiot?

Work through the 868 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 868 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Idiot

Common questions about reading The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Idiot?

Yes. All 15011 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2638 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Idiot is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2638, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Idiot take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3003 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Idiot section by section

How to work through The Idiot section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Idiot to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Idiot

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Idiot, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Towards
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Idiot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Idiot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Idiot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Idiot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.