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The Illustrious Gaudissart
The Illustrious Gaudissart

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Illustrious Gaudissart
Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.
His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.
He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.
His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.
Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, come, stir about!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Illustrious Gaudissart

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.
Line 2
His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.
/hɪz θɔːts wɜːr ˈrʌnɪŋ ɑːn ðə kæsks ʌv waɪn/
Line 3
He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.
Line 4
His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.
Line 5
Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

casks noun US /kæsks/

plural of “cask” — the quantity a cask will hold

From this reading “His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.”

discolored verb US /dɪˈskʌlərd/

past form of “discolor” — lose color or turn colorless

From this reading “His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.”

garnished verb US /ˈɡɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “garnish” — take a debtor's wages on legal orders, such as for child support

From this reading “He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.”

jawbone noun US /ˈdʒɔːboʊn/

the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth

From this reading “His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.”

oblong adjective US /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading “His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.”

rhetoric noun US /ˈretərɪk/

using language effectively to please or persuade

From this reading “His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.”

unnaturally adverb US /ənˈnætʃərəli/

in an unnatural way

From this reading “His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.”

Vernier noun US /ˈvɜːrniər/

French mathematician who described the vernier scale (1580-1637)

From this reading ““Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

addressingverbUS /əˈdresɪŋ/

-ing form of “address” — speak to

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

arm-chair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

baldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

bladenounUS /bleɪd/

especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

browsnounUS /braʊz/

plural of “brow” — the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

casksnounUS /kæsks/

plural of “cask” — the quantity a cask will hold

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

conformationnoun

a symmetrical arrangement of the parts of a thing

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/

past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

discoloredverbUS /dɪˈskʌlərd/

past form of “discolor” — lose color or turn colorless

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

garnishedverbUS /ˈɡɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “garnish” — take a debtor's wages on legal orders, such as for child support

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

Gaudissart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

hollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

jawbonenounUS /ˈdʒɔːboʊn/

the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

Margaritis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

oblongadjectiveUS /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

overtopped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

pear-shapedadjective

having a round shape tapered at one end

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

professornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

rag-picker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

rhetoricnounUS /ˈretərɪk/

using language effectively to please or persuade

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

salonnounUS /səˈlɑːn/

gallery where works of art can be displayed

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

sunkenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌŋkən/

having a sunken area

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

unnaturallyadverbUS /ənˈnætʃərəli/

in an unnatural way

From this reading His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker.

Utrechtnoun

a city in the central Netherlands

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

velvetnounUS /ˈvelvət/

a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

VerniernounUS /ˈvɜːrniər/

French mathematician who described the vernier scale (1580-1637)

From this reading “Monsieur Margaritis,” cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, “come, stir about!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading His thoughts were running on the casks of wine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two ladies entered with Gaudissart.

Chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart by Honoré de Balzac holds 251 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart contain?

Chapter 4 holds 251 sentences of The Illustrious Gaudissart, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 251 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Illustrious Gaudissart?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Questions about reading The Illustrious Gaudissart

Common questions about reading The Illustrious Gaudissart by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Illustrious Gaudissart?

Yes. All 728 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1474 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1474, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Illustrious Gaudissart take to read?

About 60 minutes of reading across 146 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Illustrious Gaudissart

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Illustrious Gaudissart, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commercial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Illustrious Gaudissart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traveller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Illustrious Gaudissart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Illustrious Gaudissart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unknown
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Illustrious Gaudissart; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.