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The Inferno
The Inferno

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Inferno is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Inferno
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The window was wide open.
In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.
An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.
A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.
And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Inferno

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Inferno is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The window was wide open.
/ðə ˈwɪndoʊ wɑːz waɪd ˈoʊ.pən/
Line 2
In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.
Line 3
An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.
Line 4
A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.
/ə tɔːl jʌŋ ˈwʊmən wɪð ˈveri fer her ənd ðə feɪs ʌv ə məˈdɑːnə/
Line 5
And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.
/ənd ə ˈlɪtəl əˈpɑːrt ə ˈwʊmən huː wɑːz ˈpreɡnənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armchair noun US /ˈɑːrmtʃer/

chair with a support on each side for arms

From this reading “An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.”

backs noun US /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading “In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.”

beams noun US /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading “In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.”

dusty adjective US /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading “In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.”

furrowed adjective US /ˈfɜːroʊd/

having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface

From this reading “An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.”

madonna noun US /məˈdɑːnə/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading “A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.”

pregnant adjective US /ˈpreɡnənt/

carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life

From this reading “And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.”

wrinkles noun US /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading “An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

armchairnounUS /ˈɑːrmtʃer/

chair with a support on each side for arms

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

care-worn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

furrowedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːroʊd/

having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

madonnanounUS /məˈdɑːnə/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The window was wide open.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

pregnantadjectiveUS /ˈpreɡnənt/

carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life

From this reading And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

reddish-brownadjective

of brown tinged with red

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The window was wide open.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The window was wide open.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And, a little apart, a woman who was pregnant.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The window was wide open.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading The window was wide open.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the dusty rays of the sunset I saw three people with their backs to the long reddish-brown beams of light.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

wrinklesnounUS /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading An old man, with a care-worn, exhausted appearance and a face furrowed with wrinkles, seated in the armchair near the window.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading A tall young woman with very fair hair and the face of a madonna.

Chapter 8 of The Inferno by Henri Barbusse holds 215 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Inferno contain?

Chapter 8 holds 215 sentences of The Inferno, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Inferno by Henri Barbusse exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 215 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Inferno?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Inferno

Common questions about reading The Inferno by Henri Barbusse on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Inferno?

Yes. All 3518 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Inferno is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12414, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Inferno take to read?

About 293 minutes of reading across 704 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Inferno section by section

How to work through The Inferno section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Inferno to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Inferno

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Inferno, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Landlady
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Inferno; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Inferno; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lemercier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Inferno; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Inferno; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.