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The Influence of Old Norse Literature on
The Influence of Old Norse Literature on

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.
What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.
The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.
So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.
Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Influence of Old Norse Literature on

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.
Line 2
What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.
/wʌt ðer ɪz ʌv oʊld nɔːrs ˈfleɪvər hiːr ɪz ˈpjʊrli ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/
Line 3
The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.
Line 4
So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.
Line 5
Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.
/ˈloʊkəl ˈkʌlər ɪz nɑːt leɪd ɑːn ðə ˈkænvəs ˈæftər ðə ˈfɪɡjərz hæv bɪn ˈpeɪntɪd bʌt ɔːl ðə tɪnts ɪn ðə ˈpɜːrsənz ənd ðə θɪŋz ɑːr ˈɡrændli nɔːrs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

characteristics noun US /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading “The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.”

flavor noun US /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading “What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.”

grandly adverb US /ˈɡrændli/

in a grand manner

From this reading “Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.”

Norse noun US /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading “What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.”

reveals verb US /rɪˈviːlz/

third-person singular of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading “To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.”

tints noun US /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading “Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.”

traits noun US /treɪts/

plural of “trait” — a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.”

unenlightened adjective US /ˌʌnenˈlaɪtənd/

not enlightened; ignorant

From this reading “To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

characteristicsnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

excusesnounUS /ɪksˈkjuːsɪz/

plural of “excuse” — a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

flavornounUS /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

grandlyadverbUS /ˈɡrændli/

in a grand manner

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

Gudrun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

LocaladjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

LoversnounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

plural of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

NorsenounUS /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

pleanounUS /pliː/

a humble request for help from someone in authority

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

revealsverbUS /rɪˈviːlz/

third-person singular of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

tintsnounUS /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading Local color is not laid on the canvas after the figures have been painted, but all the tints in the persons and the things are grandly Norse.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

traitsnounUS /treɪts/

plural of “trait” — a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading So "The Lovers of Gudrun" can stand on its own merits as an English poem; no excuses need be made for it on the plea that it is a translation.

un-English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

unenlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnenˈlaɪtənd/

not enlightened; ignorant

From this reading To the unenlightened reader this poem reveals no traits that are un-English.

verse-form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The original story being in prose, no attempt could be made to keep original characteristics in verse-form.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What there is of Old Norse flavor here is purely spiritual.

Chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on by Conrad Hjalmar Nordby holds 393 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on contain?

Chapter 3 holds 393 sentences of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on by Conrad Hjalmar Nordby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 393 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Influence of Old Norse Literature on

Common questions about reading The Influence of Old Norse Literature on by Conrad Hjalmar Nordby on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on?

Yes. All 1556 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13786 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13786, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Influence of Old Norse Literature on take to read?

About 129 minutes of reading across 312 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Influence of Old Norse Literature on section by section

How to work through The Influence of Old Norse Literature on section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Influence of Old Norse Literature on

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Influence of Old Norse Literature on, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Deyja
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Aldrigi
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hveim
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cattle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Influence of Old Norse Literature on; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.