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The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02
The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
We had heard of it before.
It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.
We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.
We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Line 2
We had heard of it before.
/wiː hæd hɜːrd ʌv ɪt bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 3
It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.
Line 4
We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.
/wiː ˈrekəɡnaɪzd ðə braʊn oʊld ˈɡɑːθɪk paɪl ɪn ə ˈmoʊmənt ɪt wɑːz laɪk ðə ˈpɪktʃərz/
Line 5
We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.
/wiː stʊd æt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪstəns ənd tʃeɪndʒd frʌm wʌn pɔɪnt ʌv ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən tuː əˈnʌðər ənd ɡeɪzd lɔːŋ æt ɪts ˈlɔːfti skwer ˈtaʊərz ənd ɪts rɪtʃ frʌnt ˈklʌstərd θɪk wɪð ˈstoʊni ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd seɪnts huː hæd bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈkɑːmli daʊn frʌm ðer ˈpɜːrtʃɪz fɔːr ˈeɪdʒəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cathedral noun US /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading “We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.”

clustered adjective US /ˈklʌstərd/

growing close together but not in dense mats

From this reading “We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.”

Gothic adjective US /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading “We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.”

mutilated adjective US /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/

having a part of the body crippled or disabled

From this reading “We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.”

perches noun US /ˈpɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “perch” — support consisting of a branch or rod that serves as a resting place (especially for a bird)

From this reading “We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.”

stony adjective US /ˈstoʊni/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading “We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.”

surprises noun US /sərˈpraɪzɪz/

plural of “surprise” — the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading “It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.”

towers noun US /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading “We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading We had heard of it before.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

calmlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmli/

with self-possession (especially in times of stress)

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

CathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

clusteredadjectiveUS /ˈklʌstərd/

growing close together but not in dense mats

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

DamenounUS /deɪm/

informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading We had heard of it before.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading We had heard of it before.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We had heard of it before.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

mutilatedadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtəleɪtəd/

having a part of the body crippled or disabled

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

Notre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

perchesnounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “perch” — support consisting of a branch or rod that serves as a resting place (especially for a bird)

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

pilenounUS /paɪl/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

saintsnounUS /seɪnts/

plural of “saint” — a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

stonyadjectiveUS /ˈstoʊni/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

surprisesnounUS /sərˈpraɪzɪz/

plural of “surprise” — the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading It surprises me sometimes to think how much we do know and how intelligent we are.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We recognized the brown old Gothic pile in a moment; it was like the pictures.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading We went to see the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We stood at a little distance and changed from one point of observation to another and gazed long at its lofty square towers and its rich front, clustered thick with stony, mutilated saints who had been looking calmly down from their perches for ages.

Chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 by Mark Twain holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 111 sentences of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02

Common questions about reading The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02?

Yes. All 1406 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5689 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5689, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 take to read?

About 117 minutes of reading across 282 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 section by section

How to work through The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Getting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Foreignized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rapidly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Facility
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Innocents Abroad — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.