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The Interloper
The Interloper

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Interloper is here in full — 221 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.
The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.
A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.
As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.
A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks nests make patches against the late autumn skies.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Interloper

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Interloper is here in full — 221 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.
Line 2
The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.
Line 3
A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.
Line 4
As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.
Line 5
A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooksnests make patches against the late autumn skies.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

estuary noun US /ˈestʃuːeri/

the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

From this reading “THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.”

lichen noun US /ˈlaɪkən/

any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

Lour verb US /laʊr/

set lower

From this reading “THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.”

Lowlands noun US /ˈloʊlændz/

the southern part of Scotland that is not mountainous

From this reading “THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.”

policies noun US /ˈpɑːləsiz/

plural of “policy” — a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

shingles noun US /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/

eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

From this reading “The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.”

slates noun US /sleɪts/

plural of “slate” — (formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

spans noun US /spænz/

plural of “span” — the complete duration of something

From this reading “A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

east coast noun + noun

the eastern seaboard of the United States (especially the strip between Boston and Washington D.C.)

In this reading “THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

late autumn adjective + noun

In this reading “A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.”

bare branches adjective + noun counted as “bare branch”

In this reading “A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

green patches noun + noun counted as “green patch”

In this reading “The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.”

runs down verb + adjective counted as “run down”

trace

In this reading “As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.”

runs out verb + adjective counted as “run out”

become used up; be exhausted

In this reading “A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

beechnounUS /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

beech-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

birchnounUS /bɜːrtʃ/

hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

cleftnounUS /kleft/

a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

clumpnounUS /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

crowningadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

curlsnounUS /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

curvesnounUS /kɜːrvz/

plural of “curve” — the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

cutsnounUS /kʌts/

plural of “cut” — a share of the profits

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

dead-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

estuarynounUS /ˈestʃuːeri/

the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

fastenedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

flightsnounUS /flaɪts/

plural of “flight” — a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

Grampians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

grazeverbUS /ɡreɪz/

feed as in a meadow or pasture

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

gullsnounUS /ɡʌlz/

plural of “gull” — a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

HALF-WAY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

harled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

HEIRnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

hoververbUS /ˈhʌvər/

be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

lichennounUS /ˈlaɪkən/

any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

LourverbUS /laʊr/

set lower

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

LowlandsnounUS /ˈloʊlændz/

the southern part of Scotland that is not mountainous

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

nestsnounUS /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

netsnounUS /nets/

plural of “net” — a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

overhungverbUS /oʊvərˈhʌŋ/

inflected form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

patchesnounUS /ˈpætʃəz/

plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

plough-fields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

ploughmannoun

a man who plows

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

policiesnounUS /ˈpɑːləsiz/

plural of “policy” — a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

pressesnounUS /ˈpresəz/

plural of “press” — the state of demanding notice or attention

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

rooksnounUS /rʊks/

plural of “rook” — (chess) the piece that can move any number of unoccupied squares in a direction parallel to the sides of the chessboard

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

salmonnounUS /ˈsæmən/

any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

sandsnounUS /sændz/

the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

shinglesnounUS /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/

eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

slatesnounUS /sleɪts/

plural of “slate” — (formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

spansnounUS /spænz/

plural of “span” — the complete duration of something

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A clump of beech-trees presses round it on two sides, and, in their bare branches, rooks’ nests make patches against the late autumn skies.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

turnpikenounUS /ˈtɜːrnpaɪk/

(from 16th to 19th centuries) gates set across a road to prevent passage until a toll had been paid

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

upturnedadjective

having been turned so that the bottom is no longer the bottom

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading A bridge of eight arches spans the water before it runs out to sea, the bank on its further side rising into a line of plough-fields crowning the cliffs, where flights of gulls follow the ploughman, and hover in his track over the upturned earth.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading THE HEIR HALF-WAY up the east coast of Scotland, the estuary of the North Lour cuts a wide cleft in an edge of the Lowlands, and flows into the North Sea among the sands and salmon nets.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The river winds in large curves through the shingles and green patches where cattle graze, overhung by woods of beech and birch, and pursuing its course through a country in full cultivation--a country of large fields; where rolling woods, purple in the shadow, stretch north towards the blue Grampians.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading As the turnpike runs down to the bridge, it curls round the policies of a harled white house which has stood for some two hundred years a little way in from the road, a tall house with dead-looking windows and slates on which the lichen has fastened.

Chapter 4 of The Interloper by Violet Jacob holds 221 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Interloper contain?

Chapter 4 holds 221 sentences of The Interloper, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Interloper by Violet Jacob exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 221 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Interloper?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Interloper

Common questions about reading The Interloper by Violet Jacob on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Interloper?

Yes. All 5140 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65800 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Interloper is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65800, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Interloper take to read?

About 428 minutes of reading across 1028 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Interloper section by section

How to work through The Interloper section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Interloper to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Interloper

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Interloper, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Interloper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Susan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Interloper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Interloper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dudeney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Interloper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.