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The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851
The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.
Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!
But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.
To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.
There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.
Line 2
Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!
Line 3
But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.
Line 4
To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.
Line 5
There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

competence noun US /ˈkɑːmpətɪns/

the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

From this reading “Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!”

destinies noun US /ˈdestəniz/

plural of “destiny” — an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

elixir noun US /ɪˈlɪksər/

a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste

From this reading “Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.”

friendships noun US /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

illusions noun US /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading “Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.”

inexhaustible adjective US /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/

that cannot be entirely consumed or used up

From this reading “Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!”

outlive verb US /ˌaʊtˈlɪv/

live longer than

From this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

profuse adjective US /prəˈfjuːs/

produced or growing in extreme abundance

From this reading “Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

palace gates noun + noun

In this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

old age adjective + noun

a late time of life

In this reading “Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.”

first sight adjective + noun

In this reading “There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.”

in reality preposition + noun

used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly

In this reading “There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.”

in the world's preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.”

dwell in verb + particle

In this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

in a garden preposition + article + noun counted as “in … garden”

In this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

linger in verb + particle

In this reading “But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.”

All words in this reading · 130

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

competencenounUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪns/

the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

Croesusnoun

last king of Lydia (died in 546 BC)

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

destiniesnounUS /ˈdestəniz/

plural of “destiny” — an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

elixirnounUS /ɪˈlɪksər/

a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

fixverbUS /fɪks/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

foreveradverbUS /fərˈevər/

for a limitless time

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

friendshipsnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

GoldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

illusionsnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

inexhaustibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/

that cannot be entirely consumed or used up

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

insanitynounUS /ˌɪnˈsænəti/

relatively permanent disorder of the mind

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

lingerverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡər/

remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

madnessnounUS /ˈmædnəs/

obsolete terms for legal insanity

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

outliveverbUS /ˌaʊtˈlɪv/

live longer than

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

philosopher's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

pinverbUS /pɪn/

to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

profuseadjectiveUS /prəˈfjuːs/

produced or growing in extreme abundance

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

sordidadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrdəd/

morally degraded

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Gold, gold, sordid gold--not competence--not independence, but wealth--profuse, inexhaustible wealth--the hard food of Croesus; strange that it should ever form the one great object of an immortal spirit!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

witheredadjectiveUS /ˈwɪðərd/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading But stranger still, that a being born to higher destinies should seek to pin itself down to this dull earth forever--to dwell in a clay hut, when a palace gates are open--to linger in a prison, when freedom may be had--to outlive affections, friendships, hope and happiness--to remain desolate in a garden where every flower has withered.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading There was once, however, in the world's history a search--an eager search, for that which at first sight may seem nearly the same as the great elixir; but which was in reality very, very different.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading To seek the philosopher's stone--even could it have been found--was a madness: but to desire the elixir of life was a worse insanity.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Men have lived and died in the pursuit of two objects the least worthy, on which the high mind of man could ever fix, out of all the vain illusions that lead us forward through existence from youth to old age: the philosopher's stone, and the elixir of life.

Chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 by Various holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 102 sentences of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851

Common questions about reading The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851?

Yes. All 5446 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36131 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36131, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 take to read?

About 453 minutes of reading across 1090 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 section by section

How to work through The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851 to begin.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Science
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
New-york
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The International Monthly, Volume 3, No. 3, June, 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.