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The Invaders, and Other Stories
The Invaders, and Other Stories

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.
How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.
In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.
It was not there that he could have learned it.
Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Invaders, and Other Stories

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.
Line 2
How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.
Line 3
In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.
/ɪn ðə ˈsteɪbəl wer hiː hæd bɪn wɪð ðə ɡruːm huː hæd bɪn ˈeɡzaɪld tuː saɪˈbɪriə hiː hæd fʊlˈfɪld noʊ ˈʌðər ˈduːti ðæn ðæt ʌv ˈklɪrɪŋ məˈnʊr aʊt ʌv ðə stɔːlz ɔːr əˈkeɪʒənəli ˈkɜːriɪŋ ðə ˈhɔːrsəz ənd ˈkæriɪŋ ˈwɔːtər/
Line 4
It was not there that he could have learned it.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ðer ðæt hiː kʊd hæv lɜːrnd ɪt/
Line 5
Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

currying verb US /ˈkɜːriɪŋ/

-ing form of “curry” — season with a mixture of spices; typical of Indian cooking

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

exiled verb US /ˈeɡzaɪld/

past form of “exile” — expel from a country

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

fulfilled adjective US /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

groom verb US /ɡruːm/

educate for a future role or function

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

manure noun US /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

Siberia noun US /saɪˈbɪriə/

a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

stalls noun US /stɔːlz/

a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

From this reading “In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.”

weaver noun US /ˈwiːvər/

a craftsman who weaves cloth

From this reading “Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

suddenly developed adverb + adjective

In this reading “How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.”

in a garden preposition + article + noun counted as “in … garden”

In this reading “Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was not there that he could have learned it.

curryingverbUS /ˈkɜːriɪŋ/

-ing form of “curry” — season with a mixture of spices; typical of Indian cooking

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

exiledverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪld/

past form of “exile” — expel from a country

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

fulfilledadjectiveUS /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

groomverbUS /ɡruːm/

educate for a future role or function

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

horse-doctor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not there that he could have learned it.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading It was not there that he could have learned it.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

manurenounUS /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not there that he could have learned it.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

pathsnounUS /pæðz/

plural of “path” — a course of conduct

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

Polikéï

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

porternounUS /ˈpɔːrtər/

a person employed to carry luggage and supplies

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

SiberianounUS /saɪˈbɪriə/

a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

stableadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪbəl/

resistant to change of position or condition

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

stallsnounUS /stɔːlz/

a farm building for housing horses or other livestock

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It was not there that he could have learned it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How he so suddenly developed into a horse-doctor, was a mystery to every one, and to himself most of all.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Polikéï was a horse-doctor, as we have already said.

weavernounUS /ˈwiːvər/

a craftsman who weaves cloth

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the stable where he had been with the groom who had been exiled to Siberia, he had fulfilled no other duty than that of clearing manure out of the stalls, or occasionally currying the horses, and carrying water.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Then he became a weaver; then he worked in a garden, cleared paths; then he got leave of absence, and became a porter[4] for a merchant.

Chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories contain?

Chapter 7 holds 432 sentences of The Invaders, and Other Stories, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Invaders, and Other Stories?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Invaders, and Other Stories

Common questions about reading The Invaders, and Other Stories by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Invaders, and Other Stories?

Yes. All 4680 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56797 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Invaders, and Other Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56797, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Invaders, and Other Stories take to read?

About 390 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Invaders, and Other Stories section by section

How to work through The Invaders, and Other Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Invaders, and Other Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Invaders, and Other Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Invaders, and Other Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invaders, and Other Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crowell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invaders, and Other Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Captain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invaders, and Other Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Khlopof
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invaders, and Other Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.