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The Invasion of France in 1814
The Invasion of France in 1814

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814 is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.
In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.
Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.
The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.
In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Invasion of France in 1814

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814 is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.
Line 2
In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.
Line 3
Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.
Line 4
The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.
Line 5
In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

curses noun US /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading “Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.”

indiscriminately adverb US /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənətliː/

in a random manner

From this reading “In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.”

maltreated adjective US /mælˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to cruel treatment

From this reading “In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.”

Marc noun US /mɑːrk/

made from residue of grapes or apples after pressing

From this reading “In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.”

murmurs noun US /ˈmɜːrmərz/

plural of “murmur” — a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading “Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.”

partisans noun US /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading “PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.”

rout verb US /raʊt/

cause to flee

From this reading “The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.”

townsfolk noun US /ˈtaʊnzfoʊk/

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

From this reading “Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on horseback preposition + noun

In this reading “PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.”

confused murmur adjective + noun

In this reading “Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.”

PAINFUL SCENES adjective + noun counted as “painful scene”

In this reading “PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.”

In front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.”

fresh attack adjective + noun

In this reading “In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.”

over the bridge preposition + article + noun counted as “over … bridge”

In this reading “Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.”

in fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.”

in the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “in … direction”

In this reading “PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

ammunition-wagons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

breastworks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

commandsnounUS /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

confusedadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

cursesnounUS /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

Dives's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

Framont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

Grandfontaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

heelsnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

hill-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

huddledadjectiveUS /ˈhʌdəld/

crowded or massed together

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

hurryingadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

indiscriminatelyadverbUS /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənətliː/

in a random manner

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

knapsacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

maltreatedadjectiveUS /mælˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to cruel treatment

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

MarcnounUS /mɑːrk/

made from residue of grapes or apples after pressing

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

murmurnounUS /ˈmɜːrmər/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

murmursnounUS /ˈmɜːrmərz/

plural of “murmur” — a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

PAINFULadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

partisansnounUS /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

routverbUS /raʊt/

cause to flee

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

SCENESnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

shakos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

shoutsnounUS /ʃaʊts/

plural of “shout” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

shrilladjectiveUS /ʃrɪl/

having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

smashedadjectiveUS /smæʃt/

very drunk

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

strewingnoun

the act of scattering

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

townsfolknounUS /ˈtaʊnzfoʊk/

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading In front was Marc Dives's cannon directed down the valley, ready to fire in case of a fresh attack.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The hill-side was covered with arms, shakos, and dead; in fact, with all the signs of a great rout.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading In Grandfontaine they destroyed everything out of sheer revenge; they smashed in doors and windows, maltreated the people, demanded food and drink indiscriminately.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PAINFUL SCENES The Germans, huddled together in Grandfontaine, fled in crowds in the direction of Framont, on foot and on horseback, hurrying, dragging along their ammunition-wagons, strewing the road with their knapsacks, and looking behind as though they feared to find the partisans at their heels.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading Their shouts and curses, the commands of their officers, the murmurs of the townsfolk, the artillery rolling over the bridge of Framont, the shrill cries of the wounded horses, were heard as a confused murmur at the breastworks.

Chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814 by Erckmann-Chatrian holds 158 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814 contain?

Chapter 17 holds 158 sentences of The Invasion of France in 1814, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814 by Erckmann-Chatrian exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 158 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The Invasion of France in 1814?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #36859, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 313 minutes of reading across 753 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Invasion of France in 1814

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Invasion of France in 1814, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Climbed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clubbed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Muskets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.