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The Invasion of France in 1814
The Invasion of France in 1814

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814 is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.
At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.
In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.
Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.
He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Invasion of France in 1814

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814 is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.
Line 2
At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.
Line 3
In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.
/ɪn ðə ˈdɪstəns ɑːn ðə pleɪnz ʌv ælˈsɑːs kʊd biː siːn ðə blæk laɪnz wɪtʃ ˈɪndəkeɪtəd ðer riˈtriːtɪŋ bəˈtæljənz/
Line 4
Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.
Line 5
He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alsace noun US /ælˈsɑːs/

a region of northeastern France famous for its wines

From this reading “In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.”

battalions noun US /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading “In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.”

cannons noun US /ˈkænənz/

plural of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

partisans noun US /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

plateau noun US /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

re-entered verb US /ˌriːˈentərd/

past form of “re-enter” — enter again

From this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

retreating verb US /riˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “retreat” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading “In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.”

sentries noun US /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.”

At daybreak preposition + noun

In this reading “At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.”

few seconds adjective + noun counted as “few second”

In this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.”

arose early verb + adjective counted as “arise early”

In this reading “Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.”

In the distance preposition + article + noun counted as “in … distance”

In this reading “In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

AlsacenounUS /ælˈsɑːs/

a region of northeastern France famous for its wines

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

battalionsnounUS /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

bivouacs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

cannonsnounUS /ˈkænənz/

plural of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

CatherinenounUS /ˈkæθərən/

first wife of Henry VIII; Henry VIII's divorce from her was the initial step of the Reformation in England (1485-1536)

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

daybreaknounUS /ˈdeɪbreɪk/

the first light of day

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Framont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

GASPARD'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

Grandfontaine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Hullin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

inspectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈspekʃən/

a formal or official examination

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Louise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

partisansnounUS /ˈpɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “partisan” — a fervent and even militant proponent of something

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

plateaunounUS /plæˈtoʊ/

a relatively flat highland

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

re-enteredverbUS /ˌriːˈentərd/

past form of “re-enter” — enter again

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

retreatingverbUS /riˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “retreat” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Hullin arose early and made the round of the bivouacs.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Schirmeck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At daybreak the Germans had left Grandfontaine, Framont, and even Schirmeck.

secondsnounUS /ˈsekəndz/

plural of “second” — 1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

sentriesnounUS /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

TowardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading GASPARD'S LETTER Toward two o'clock the next morning, snow began to fall.

watchfuladjectiveUS /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the distance, on the plains of Alsace, could be seen the black lines, which indicated their retreating battalions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He stopped for a few seconds on the plateau, to look at the cannons in position, the sleeping partisans, and the watchful sentries; then, satisfied with his inspection, he re-entered the farm, where Louise and Catherine were still asleep.

Chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814 by Erckmann-Chatrian holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814 contain?

Chapter 20 holds 105 sentences of The Invasion of France in 1814, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814 by Erckmann-Chatrian exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Invasion of France in 1814?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Invasion of France in 1814

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Yes. All 3763 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36859 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #36859, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 313 minutes of reading across 753 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Invasion of France in 1814

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Invasion of France in 1814, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Climbed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clubbed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Muskets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frontispiece
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Invasion of France in 1814; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.