Chapter VII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

later than; following

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SISTER AGNES.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

in addition

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

plural of “assailant” — someone who attacks

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

the amount that many barrels might hold

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

in addition to; as well as

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

cooked in hot water

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

A soft white limestone used for marking doors, stone walls, and slate.

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

the act of departing

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

remove the dust from

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

an opposing military force

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

a person who exercises control over workers

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

ten 10s

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

made timid or fearful as by threats

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

above and across; more than

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

a raised horizontal surface

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

plural of “projectile” — a weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-propelled

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

for a short time

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading SISTER AGNES.

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Shortly after the count's departure from the abbey, the reinforcement of a hundred soldiers promised by him arrived at the place.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their captain spent the night in preparing the fortifications for the defence.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

belonging to which person

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Under the physical lash of their foreman, above all intimidated by the fear of the fiery furnace of hell, the serfs and villeins transported to the platform of the walls large stones, logs of wood and heavy beams, intended to serve as projectiles against the expected assailants.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They were also made to carry heavy barrels of oil and pitch, which, boiled in large caldrons, were held ready to be poured over the heads of the enemy; besides a large number of bags full of chalk dust, whose contents, dropped upon the besiegers, would serve to blind them.