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The Iron Arrow Head
The Iron Arrow Head

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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ROLF'S COURTSHIP.
The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.
The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.
The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.
The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Iron Arrow Head

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROLF'S COURTSHIP.
Line 2
The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.
Line 3
The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.
/ðə fliːt ˈnʌmbərd mɔːr ðæn tuː ˈθaʊzənd ˈvesəlz ˈkæriɪŋ ˈtwentifaɪv ˈθaʊzənd kəmˈbætənts/
Line 4
The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.
/ðə ˈseɪlɪŋ ˈɔːrdər wɑːz dɪˈtɜːrmənd baɪ ðə ˈrɪvərz ˈtʃænəl/
Line 5
The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

combatants noun US /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading “The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.”

courtship noun US /ˈkɔːrtʃɪp/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading “ROLF'S COURTSHIP.”

draft noun US /dræft/

a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another

From this reading “The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.”

galleys noun US /ˈɡæliz/

plural of “galley” — a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading “The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.”

navigated verb US /ˈnævəɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “navigate” — travel on water propelled by wind or by other means

From this reading “The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.”

numbered verb US /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading “The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.”

river's noun US /ˈrɪvərz/

possessive form of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading “The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.”

steered verb US /stɪrd/

past form of “steer” — direct the course; determine the direction of travelling

From this reading “The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty-five thousand adjective + noun

In this reading “The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.”

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.”

favorable wind adjective + noun

In this reading “The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.”

toward the center preposition + article + noun counted as “toward … center”

In this reading “The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.”

two thousand noun + noun

In this reading “The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.”

large fleet adjective + noun

In this reading “The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.”

steered for verb + particle counted as “steer for”

In this reading “The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.”

by the river's preposition + article + noun counted as “by … river”

In this reading “The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

abbeynounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

benchesnounUS /ˈbentʃɪz/

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

channelnounUS /ˈtʃænəl/

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

combatantsnounUS /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

COURTSHIPnounUS /ˈkɔːrtʃɪp/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading ROLF'S COURTSHIP.

deepestadjectiveUS /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

Denis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

draftnounUS /dræft/

a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

drekars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

favorableadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

galleysnounUS /ˈɡæliz/

plural of “galley” — a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

holkers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

men-of-war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

navigatedverbUS /ˈnævəɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “navigate” — travel on water propelled by wind or by other means

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

oarsmen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

piratesnounUS /ˈpaɪrəts/

plural of “pirate” — someone who uses another person's words or ideas as if they were his own

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

river'snounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

possessive form of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

ROLF'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROLF'S COURTSHIP.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

sailingnounUS /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

the work of a sailor

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

snekars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

steeredverbUS /stɪrd/

past form of “steer” — direct the course; determine the direction of travelling

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

sunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

twenty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifaɪv/

being five more than twenty

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The fleet numbered more than two thousand vessels, carrying twenty-five thousand combatants.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sailing order was determined by the river's channel.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The large fleet of the pirates pulled from the banks on which the abbey of St. Denis rose, and, driven by a favorable wind, steered for Paris since early sunrise of the next morning.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The light vessels of the draft of _holkers_ navigated close to the two banks; toward the center of the river sailed the "_snekars_", vessels with twenty oarsmen's benches; finally along the deepest part of the channel came the "_drekars_", men-of-war that greatly resembled the Roman galleys.

Chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head by Eugène Sue holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head contain?

Chapter 11 holds 67 sentences of The Iron Arrow Head, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head by Eugène Sue exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Iron Arrow Head?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Iron Arrow Head

Common questions about reading The Iron Arrow Head by Eugène Sue on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Iron Arrow Head?

Yes. All 1970 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34452 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Iron Arrow Head is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34452, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Iron Arrow Head take to read?

About 164 minutes of reading across 394 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Iron Arrow Head section by section

How to work through The Iron Arrow Head section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Iron Arrow Head to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Iron Arrow Head

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Iron Arrow Head, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Arrow Head; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proletarian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Arrow Head; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Arrow Head; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Across
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Arrow Head; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.