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The iron heel
The iron heel

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The iron heel is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The iron heel
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.
Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.
As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.
I was seeing the other side of the shield.
I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The iron heel

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The iron heel is here in full — 194 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.
Line 2
Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.
Line 3
As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.
Line 4
I was seeing the other side of the shield.
/aɪ wɑːz ˈsiːɪŋ ðə ˈʌðər saɪd ʌv ðə ʃiːld/
Line 5
I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appalled adjective US /əˈpɔːld/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading “I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.”

idealism noun US /aɪˈdiːlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality

From this reading “I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.”

philosophic adjective US /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪk/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading “I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.”

socialism noun US /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading “I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.”

socialist noun US /ˈsoʊʃələst/

a political advocate of socialism

From this reading “Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.”

socialists noun US /ˈsoʊʃələsts/

plural of “socialist” — a political advocate of socialism

From this reading “Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.”

thinkers noun US /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading “As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.”

warnings noun US /ˈwɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “warning” — a message informing of danger

From this reading “ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

ADUMBRATIONS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

appalledadjectiveUS /əˈpɔːld/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

attendingnounUS /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

delightedadjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtəd/

greatly pleased

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

Ernest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

idealismnounUS /aɪˈdiːlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

meetingsnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋz/

plural of “meeting” — a formally arranged gathering

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

openlyadverbUS /ˈoʊpənli/

in an open way

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I was seeing the other side of the shield.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

philosophicadjectiveUS /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪk/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading I was seeing the other side of the shield.

shieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading I was seeing the other side of the shield.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading I was seeing the other side of the shield.

socialismnounUS /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

socialistnounUS /ˈsoʊʃələst/

a political advocate of socialism

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

socialistsnounUS /ˈsoʊʃələsts/

plural of “socialist” — a political advocate of socialism

From this reading Ernest had already questioned father’s policy of having socialists and labor leaders at his house, and of openly attending socialist meetings; and father had only laughed at him for his pains.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

thinkersnounUS /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

unselfishnessnoun

the quality of not putting yourself first but being willing to give your time or money or effort etc. for others

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading I was delighted with the unselfishness and high idealism I encountered, though I was appalled by the vast philosophic and scientific literature of socialism that was opened up to me.

warningsnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “warning” — a message informing of danger

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ADUMBRATIONS It was about this time that the warnings of coming events began to fall about us thick and fast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

working-classadjective

of those who work for wages especially manual or industrial laborers

From this reading As for myself, I was learning much from this contact with the working-class leaders and thinkers.

Chapter 6 of The iron heel by Jack London holds 194 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The iron heel contain?

Chapter 6 holds 194 sentences of The iron heel, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The iron heel by Jack London exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 194 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The iron heel?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The iron heel

Common questions about reading The iron heel by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The iron heel?

Yes. All 5889 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1164 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The iron heel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1164, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The iron heel take to read?

About 490 minutes of reading across 1178 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The iron heel section by section

How to work through The iron heel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The iron heel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The iron heel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The iron heel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Redwoods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wild-water
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.