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The iron heel
The iron heel

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The iron heel is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The iron heel
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his Profit and Loss dinner.
Ernest called it the dinner of the Machine Breakers.
In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business mensmall business men, of course.
I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.
They were truly representative middle-class business men.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The iron heel

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The iron heel is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called hisProfit and Lossdinner.
Line 2
Ernest called it the dinner of the Machine Breakers.
Line 3
In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business mensmall business men, of course.
Line 4
I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.
/aɪ daʊt ɪf wʌn ʌv ðem wɑːz ˈɪntrəstɪd ɪn ˈeni ˈbɪznəs ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌkæpɪtəlɪˈzeɪʃən ʌv wɪtʃ ɪkˈsiːdəd ə ˈkʌpəl ʌv ˈhʌndrəd ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɑːlərz/
Line 5
They were truly representative middle-class business men.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˈtruːli ˌreprəˈzentətɪv ˈmɪdəlˈklæs ˈbɪznəs men/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breakers noun US /ˈbreɪkərz/

waves breaking on the shore

From this reading “THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.”

capitalization noun US /ˌkæpɪtəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

writing in capital letters

From this reading “I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.”

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading “THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.”

exceeded verb US /ɪkˈsiːdəd/

past form of “exceed” — be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading “I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.”

middle-class adjective US /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading “They were truly representative middle-class business men.”

privately adverb US /ˈpraɪvətli/

kept private or confined to those intimately concerned

From this reading “THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.”

socialist noun US /ˈsoʊʃələst/

a political advocate of socialism

From this reading “THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.”

ticket noun US /ˈtɪkət/

a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)

From this reading “THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

BREAKERSnounUS /ˈbreɪkərz/

waves breaking on the shore

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

capitalizationnounUS /ˌkæpɪtəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

writing in capital letters

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

dollarsnounUS /ˈdɑːlərz/

plural of “dollar” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

Ernest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

exceededverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdəd/

past form of “exceed” — be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

LossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

MACHINEnounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

middle-classadjectiveUS /ˈmɪdəlˈklæs/

occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy

From this reading They were truly representative middle-class business men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ernest called it the dinner of the Machine Breakers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

privatelyadverbUS /ˈpraɪvətli/

kept private or confined to those intimately concerned

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

ProfitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading They were truly representative middle-class business men.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In point of fact, it was merely a dinner for business men—small business men, of course.

socialistnounUS /ˈsoʊʃələst/

a political advocate of socialism

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were truly representative middle-class business men.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

ticketnounUS /ˈtɪkət/

a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading They were truly representative middle-class business men.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were truly representative middle-class business men.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE MACHINE BREAKERS It was just before Ernest ran for Congress, on the socialist ticket, that father gave what he privately called his “Profit and Loss” dinner.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I doubt if one of them was interested in any business the total capitalization of which exceeded a couple of hundred thousand dollars.

Chapter 8 of The iron heel by Jack London holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The iron heel contain?

Chapter 8 holds 400 sentences of The iron heel, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The iron heel by Jack London exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The iron heel?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The iron heel

Common questions about reading The iron heel by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The iron heel?

Yes. All 5889 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1164 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The iron heel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1164, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The iron heel take to read?

About 490 minutes of reading across 1178 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The iron heel section by section

How to work through The iron heel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The iron heel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The iron heel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The iron heel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Redwoods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wild-water
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.