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The iron heel
The iron heel

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The iron heel is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The iron heel
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.
The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.
But the whole truth was not told.
The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.
In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The iron heel

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The iron heel is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.
Line 2
The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.
/ðə ˈnuːzpeɪpərz ˈpʌblɪʃt ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ʌv æn ənˈpresɪdentɪd raɪz ɪn ˈweɪdʒəz ənd ˈʃɔːrtənɪŋ ʌv ˈaʊərz fɔːr ðə ˈreɪlroʊd emˈplɔɪiz ðə ˈaɪərn ənd stiːl ˈwɜːrkərz ənd ðə ˈendʒəˈnɪrz ənd məˈʃiːnɪsts/
Line 3
But the whole truth was not told.
/bʌt ðə hoʊl truːθ wɑːz nɑːt toʊld/
Line 4
The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.
/ðə ˈoʊlɪɡɑːrks dɪd nɑːt der pərˈmɪt ðə ˈtelɪŋ ʌv ðə hoʊl truːθ/
Line 5
In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.
/ɪn ˌriːˈælətiː ðə ˈweɪdʒəz hæd bɪn reɪzd mʌtʃ ˈhaɪər ənd ðə ˈprɪvlədʒəz wɜːr ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli ˈɡreɪtər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

correspondingly adverb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading “In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.”

employees noun US /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading “The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.”

machinists noun US /məˈʃiːnɪsts/

plural of “machinist” — a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools

From this reading “The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.”

oligarchs noun US /ˈoʊlɪɡɑːrks/

plural of “oligarch” — one of the rulers in an oligarchy

From this reading “The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.”

Oligarchy noun US /ˈɑːləɡɑːrki/

a political system governed by a few people

From this reading “LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.”

shortening noun US /ˈʃɔːrtənɪŋ/

fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods

From this reading “The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.”

unions noun US /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading “LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.”

unprecedented adjective US /ənˈpresɪdentɪd/

having no precedent; novel

From this reading “The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1913

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the whole truth was not told.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

correspondinglyadverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋli/

in a corresponding manner

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.

DAYSnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.

employeesnounUS /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

engineersnounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪrz/

plural of “engineer” — a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

favoredadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərd/

preferred above all others and treated with partiality

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

machinistsnounUS /məˈʃiːnɪsts/

plural of “machinist” — a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

newspapersnounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpərz/

plural of “newspaper” — a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the whole truth was not told.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

oligarchsnounUS /ˈoʊlɪɡɑːrks/

plural of “oligarch” — one of the rulers in an oligarchy

From this reading The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.

OligarchynounUS /ˈɑːləɡɑːrki/

a political system governed by a few people

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.

privilegesnounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒəz/

plural of “privilege” — a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

railroadnounUS /ˈreɪlroʊd/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

shorteningnounUS /ˈʃɔːrtənɪŋ/

fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading The oligarchs did not dare permit the telling of the whole truth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading But the whole truth was not told.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading But the whole truth was not told.

unionsnounUS /ˈjuːnjənz/

plural of “union” — an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

unprecedentedadjectiveUS /ənˈpresɪdentɪd/

having no precedent; novel

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading LAST DAYS It was near the end of January, 1913, that the changed attitude of the Oligarchy toward the favored unions was made public.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In reality, the wages had been raised much higher, and the privileges were correspondingly greater.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading But the whole truth was not told.

workersnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading The newspapers published information of an unprecedented rise in wages and shortening of hours for the railroad employees, the iron and steel workers, and the engineers and machinists.

Chapter 15 of The iron heel by Jack London holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The iron heel contain?

Chapter 15 holds 118 sentences of The iron heel, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The iron heel by Jack London exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The iron heel?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The iron heel

Common questions about reading The iron heel by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The iron heel?

Yes. All 5889 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1164 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The iron heel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1164, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The iron heel take to read?

About 490 minutes of reading across 1178 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The iron heel section by section

How to work through The iron heel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The iron heel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The iron heel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The iron heel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Redwoods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wild-water
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The iron heel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.