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The Iron Horse
The Iron Horse

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Iron Horse is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.
We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."
"How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"
"That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.
Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Iron Horse

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Iron Horse is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.
Line 2
We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."
Line 3
"How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"
Line 4
"That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.
Line 5
Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.
/ðʌs ˈmedəteɪtɪŋ ʃiː wɑːz kənˈdʌktəd ˈɪntuː ðə smɪθs dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

department noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading “Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.”

employment noun US /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."”

machinery noun US /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading “We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."”

meditating verb US /ˈmedəteɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “meditate” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading “Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.”

meditative adjective US /ˈmedəteɪtɪv/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading “"That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.”

Missis noun US /ˈmɪsɪz/

informal term of address for someone's wife

From this reading “"How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"”

shops noun US /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading “"How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"”

smiths noun US /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading “Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

ands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

assented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

ave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

bein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

Clatterby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

Garvie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

goin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

improvin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

joiners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

keepsnounUS /kiːps/

plural of “keep” — the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

Marrot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

meditatingverbUS /ˈmedəteɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “meditate” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

meditativeadjectiveUS /ˈmedəteɪtɪv/

deeply or seriously thoughtful

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

MissisnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

informal term of address for someone's wife

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

p'rhaps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

smithsnounUS /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

That's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

there's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

throwd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading "That's so, Willum," assented Mrs Marrot in a meditative tone.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

trades-people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

uman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

w'en

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

W'y

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus meditating, she was conducted into the smiths' department.

wasn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

We'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

Willum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading We'll just 'ave to sit still an' let machinery do our work for us, an' all the trades-people will be throwd out of employment."

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading "How can you say that, Missis," said Will Garvie, "you bein' old enough to remember the time w'en there wasn't five joiners' shops in Clatterby, with p'rhaps fifty men and boys employed, and now there's hundreds of joiners, and other shops of all kinds in the town, besides these here railway works which, as you know, keeps about 3500 hands goin' all the year round?"

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "W'y, Willum, it seems to me that if you go on improvin' things at this rate there won't be no use in a short time for 'uman 'ands at all.

Chapter 4 of The Iron Horse by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Iron Horse contain?

Chapter 4 holds 408 sentences of The Iron Horse, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Iron Horse by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Iron Horse?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Iron Horse

Common questions about reading The Iron Horse by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Iron Horse?

Yes. All 3647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21740 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Iron Horse is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21740, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Iron Horse take to read?

About 303 minutes of reading across 730 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Iron Horse section by section

How to work through The Iron Horse section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of The Iron Horse to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Iron Horse

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Iron Horse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Horse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Horse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballantyne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Horse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Horse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Treats
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Horse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.