used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
AbbotnounUS /ˈæbət/
the superior of an abbey of monks
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
abbots
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
having fair knowledge of
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
touching and pressing; in opposition to
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
in the past
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
ancestornounUS /ˈænsestər/
someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)
From this reading Oh, Fergan, my ancestor!
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
ardornounUS /ˈɑːrdər/
a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
butcherynounUS /ˈbʊtʃəri/
a building where animals are butchered
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
CatholicsnounUS /ˈkæθlɪks/
plural of “catholic” — a member of a Catholic church
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
a period of 100 years
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
CrusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/
a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
CrusadersnounUS /kruːˈseɪdərz/
plural of “crusader” — a disputant who advocates reform
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
the time during which someone's life continues
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
defencelessadjective
lacking protection or support
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
devilishadjectiveUS /ˈdevlɪʃ/
showing the cunning or ingenuity or wickedness typical of a devil
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
Fergan
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Oh, Fergan, my ancestor!
GaulnounUS /ɡɔːl/
a person of French descent
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/
so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
heresynounUS /ˈherəsi/
any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
where you live at a particular time
From this reading THE PERFECT'S HOME.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
infectedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfektɪd/
containing or resulting from disease-causing organisms
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
JerusalemnounUS /dʒərˈuːsələm/
capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel (although its status as capital is disputed)
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
JoelnounUS /ˈdʒoʊəl/
a Hebrew minor prophet
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
determine the result of (a competition)
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
Languedoc
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
produced by a manufacturing process
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/
past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
monknounUS /mʌŋk/
a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/
motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
belonging to the person speaking
From this reading Oh, Fergan, my ancestor!
nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/
impressive in appearance
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
an event that occurs at a critical time
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region
From this reading Oh, Fergan, my ancestor!
PERFECT'S
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading THE PERFECT'S HOME.
preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/
past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
Reynier
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
SaracensnounUS /ˈserəsənz/
plural of “saracen” — (historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
seigneurs
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
seventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/
being ten more than sixty
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
shudderverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/
shake, as from cold
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
an instance of visual perception
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
a male human offspring
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE PERFECT'S HOME.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
From this reading To judge by their ardor in undertaking the Crusade preached by Abbot Reynier against Languedoc, the country infected by a devilish heresy, as the monk said, they must be good Catholics.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
in or at the place that
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
in the company of; together with
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
inside; before a period of time has passed
From this reading A century ago, you had occasion to shudder at the sight of the gigantic butchery committed by the Crusaders in Jerusalem, where seventy thousand defenceless Saracens were massacred within two days.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Son of Joel, you have been made acquainted with the morals of the noble ladies, of the seigneurs and of the abbots of the north of Gaul.
