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The Iron Pincers
The Iron Pincers

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers is here in full — 315 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
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THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.
After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.
The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.
But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.
One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Iron Pincers

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers is here in full — 315 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.
Line 2
After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.
Line 3
The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.
/ðə ˈkɑːnsəlz hæv ˈstɪpjəleɪtɪd fɔːr ðə ˈseɪfti ʌv ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts/
Line 4
But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.
Line 5
One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capitulation noun US /kəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃən/

a document containing the terms of surrender

From this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

consuls noun US /ˈkɑːnsəlz/

plural of “consul” — a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country

From this reading “The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.”

Crusaders noun US /kruːˈseɪdərz/

plural of “crusader” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.”

defense noun US /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.”

dictum noun US /ˈdɪktəm/

an authoritative declaration

From this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

esplanade noun US /ˌespləˈnɑːd/

a long stretch of open level ground (paved or grassy) for walking beside the seashore

From this reading “THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.”

massacred verb US /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

stipulated verb US /ˈstɪpjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “stipulate” — specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

From this reading “The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

passed since verb + particle counted as “pass since”

In this reading “One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.”

stipulated for verb + particle counted as “stipulate for”

In this reading “The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.”

keep faith verb + noun

In this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

almost all adverb + adjective

In this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

failed in verb + particle counted as “fail in”

In this reading “But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

capitulationnounUS /kəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃən/

a document containing the terms of surrender

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

consulsnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəlz/

plural of “consul” — a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

CrusadersnounUS /kruːˈseɪdərz/

plural of “crusader” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

defensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

dictumnounUS /ˈdɪktəm/

an authoritative declaration

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

ESPLANADEnounUS /ˌespləˈnɑːd/

a long stretch of open level ground (paved or grassy) for walking beside the seashore

From this reading THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.

executionnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

InnocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

LAVAUR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.

massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

obedientadjectiveUS /oʊˈbiːdiənt/

dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

reservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading One night has passed since the surrender of Lavaur.

stipulatedverbUS /ˈstɪpjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “stipulate” — specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

From this reading The consuls have stipulated for the safety of the inhabitants.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ESPLANADE AT LAVAUR.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After a heroic defense the city and Castle of Lavaur surrender to the Crusaders.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But obedient to the dictum of Pope Innocent III--"None need to keep faith with those who have failed in their faith to God"--despite the terms of the capitulation, almost all the prisoners are massacred, the rest are reserved for separate execution.

Chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers by Eugène Sue holds 315 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers contain?

Chapter 20 holds 315 sentences of The Iron Pincers, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers by Eugène Sue exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 315 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Iron Pincers?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Iron Pincers

Common questions about reading The Iron Pincers by Eugène Sue on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Iron Pincers?

Yes. All 2898 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33114 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Iron Pincers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33114, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Iron Pincers take to read?

About 241 minutes of reading across 580 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Iron Pincers section by section

How to work through The Iron Pincers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of The Iron Pincers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Iron Pincers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Iron Pincers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Pincers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proletarian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Pincers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Pincers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Across
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Iron Pincers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.