Chapter IV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

having life or vigor or spirit

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

plural of “barrier” — a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

a top worn by women

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

(according to Marxist thought) being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading THE JUDICIAL COMBAT.

-ing form of “comment” — make or write a comment on

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

the back of a horse

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice

From this reading THE JUDICIAL COMBAT.

and nothing more

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

past form of “mass” — join together into a mass or collect or form a mass

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

past form of “murmur” — speak softly or indistinctly

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

and nothing more

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

plural of “platform” — a raised horizontal surface

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

a light meal or repast

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

shake, as from cold

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE JUDICIAL COMBAT.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

up to a particular time

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading It was to be a combat to the death between a vassal and a knight, the latter on horseback and in full armor, the vassal on foot, dressed in his blouse and armed with a stick.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

at the time that

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the combat, which it was murmured among them was to follow these harmless struggles, the populace felt themselves concerned.

during the time that

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

-ing form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading Until then and while witnessing the jousts and the passages of arms they had been animated with curiosity only.

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The seigneurs, their wives and daughters on the platforms had just enjoyed the refection, while commenting upon the incidents of the tourney, when a shudder ran through the crowd of peasants and bourgeois massed outside of the barriers.