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The Irrational Knot
The Irrational Knot

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.
It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.
This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.
In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as My darling Marian,” and My dearest Nelly.”
Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Irrational Knot

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.
Line 2
It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.
Line 3
This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.
/ðɪs wɑːz æn oʊld ˈkʌstəm bɪˈtwiːn ˈmeriən ənd hɜːr ˈkʌzən/
Line 4
In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address asMy darling Marian,” andMy dearest Nelly.”
Line 5
Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.
/ˈsʌbsəkwəntli ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm əˈprest baɪ ðiːz ˈserəmoʊniz ənd drɑːpt ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ceremonies noun US /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading “Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.”

dated adjective US /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading “It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.”

ending noun US /ˈendɪŋ/

the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)

From this reading “It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.”

girlish adjective US /ˈɡɜːrlɪʃ/

befitting or characteristic of a young girl

From this reading “In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.””

Marian adjective US /ˈmeriən/

of or relating to or venerating the Virgin Mary

From this reading “This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.”

modes noun US /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.””

omitted verb US /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.”

Subsequently adverb US /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading “Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

17th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

affectionnounUS /əˈfekʃən/

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

darlingnounUS /ˈdɑːrlɪŋ/

a special loved one

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

datedadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪtɪd/

marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

dearestnounUS /ˈdɪrəst/

a beloved person; used as terms of endearment

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

endingnounUS /ˈendɪŋ/

the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

girlishadjectiveUS /ˈɡɜːrlɪʃ/

befitting or characteristic of a young girl

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

MarianadjectiveUS /ˈmeriən/

of or relating to or venerating the Virgin Mary

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

McQuinch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

modesnounUS /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

Nelly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

sitting-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

SubsequentlyadverbUS /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Subsequently they became oppressed by these ceremonies and dropped them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In their girlish correspondence they had expressed their affection by such modes of address as “My darling Marian,” and “My dearest Nelly.”

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was an old custom between Marian and her cousin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Miss McQuinch spent Christmas morning in her sitting-room reading; a letter which had come by the morning post.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading It was dated the 17th December at New York: and the formal beginning and ending were omitted.

Chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot by Bernard Shaw holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot contain?

Chapter 18 holds 154 sentences of The Irrational Knot, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot by Bernard Shaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Irrational Knot?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Irrational Knot

Common questions about reading The Irrational Knot by Bernard Shaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Irrational Knot?

Yes. All 8934 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11354 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Irrational Knot is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11354, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Irrational Knot take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1787 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Irrational Knot section by section

How to work through The Irrational Knot section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Irrational Knot to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Irrational Knot

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Irrational Knot, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Seven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Irrational Knot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Irrational Knot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Irrational Knot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
April
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Irrational Knot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.