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The Italians: A Novel
The Italians: A Novel

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel is here in full — 238 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHAT SILVESTRO SAYS.
Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.
It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.
But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.
He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Italians: A Novel

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel is here in full — 238 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHAT SILVESTRO SAYS.
Line 2
Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.
Line 3
It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.
Line 4
But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.
Line 5
He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bend verb US /bend/

form a curve

From this reading “It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.”

cringe verb US /krɪndʒ/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading “It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.”

emaciated adjective US /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.”

hesitate verb US /ˈhezəteɪt/

pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading “It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.”

pinching verb US /ˈpɪntʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “pinch” — squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading “He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?”

responsibilities noun US /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.”

steward noun US /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading “Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.”

suffers verb US /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading “He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

bendverbUS /bend/

form a curve

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

cringeverbUS /krɪndʒ/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.

forgiveverbUS /fərˈɡɪv/

stop blaming or grant forgiveness

From this reading But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

hesitateverbUS /ˈhezəteɪt/

pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

marchesa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

pinchingverbUS /ˈpɪntʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “pinch” — squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.

responsibilitiesnounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

SAYSnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading WHAT SILVESTRO SAYS.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

SILVESTRO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHAT SILVESTRO SAYS.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

stewardnounUS /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

suffersverbUS /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Silvestro, the steward, is a man "full of conscience," as people say, deeply sensible of his responsibilities, and more in dread of the marchesa than of the Church.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT SILVESTRO SAYS.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is this dread that makes him so emaciated--hesitate when he speaks, and bend his back and shoulders into a constant cringe.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He sees such pinching misery every day--lives in it--suffers from it; how can he ask those for money who have none?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But for this dread, Silvestro would forgive the poor people more.

Chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel by Frances Minto Dickinson Elliot holds 238 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel contain?

Chapter 19 holds 238 sentences of The Italians: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel by Frances Minto Dickinson Elliot exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 238 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Italians: A Novel?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Italians: A Novel

Common questions about reading The Italians: A Novel by Frances Minto Dickinson Elliot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Italians: A Novel?

Yes. All 8182 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12385 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Italians: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12385, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Italians: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1637 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Italians: A Novel section by section

How to work through The Italians: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Italians: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Italians: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Italians: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cathedral
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Italians: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lucca
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Italians: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Martino
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Italians: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Italians: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.