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The Jew
The Jew

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Jew is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Józef Ignacy Kraszewski • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for The Jew
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.
Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.
Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.
A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.
A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jew

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Jew is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.
/ðə ˈkʌntri wɪlz ɪt/
Line 2
Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.
/ɪˈvents prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd ðemˈselvz wɪð ˈfraɪtfəl rəˈpɪdəti/
Line 3
Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.
Line 4
A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.
/ə ˈbɪtər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt wɑːz ðə rɪˈzʌlt æz wiː noʊ/
Line 5
A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.
/ə ˈbruːtəl rɪˈplaɪ frʌm ðə ˈrʌʃən ˈɡʌvərmənt səˈfaɪst tuː meɪk ˈjʊrəp fɔːl bæk ənd ˈrendərd ˈhɑːrdər ðæn ˈevər ðə feɪt ʌv ˈpoʊlənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diplomatic adjective US /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
instigators noun US /ˈɪnstəɡeɪtərz/

plural of “instigator” — someone who deliberately foments trouble

From this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
insurrection noun US /ˌɪnsərˈekʃən/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
intervention noun US /ˌɪntərˈvenʃən/

the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)

From this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Poland noun US /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading “A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
precipitated verb US /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “precipitate” — bring about abruptly

From this reading “Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sufficed verb US /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading “A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wills noun US /wɪlz/

plural of “will” — the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention

From this reading “THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

contributed largely verb + particle counted as “contribute largely”

In this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

171 times in 225,867 chapters
bitter disappointment adjective + noun

In this reading “A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.”

1,112 times in 225,867 chapters
fall back verb + particle

fall backwards and down

In this reading “A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.”

4,490 times in 225,867 chapters
too confident adverb + adjective

In this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

304 times in 225,867 chapters
on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.”

18,607 times in 225,867 chapters

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/

past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
COUNTRYnounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
diplomaticadjectiveUS /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
encouragements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Pending verification
EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
EventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
frightfuladjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtfəl/

provoking horror

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
instigatorsnounUS /ˈɪnstəɡeɪtərz/

plural of “instigator” — someone who deliberately foments trouble

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
insurrectionnounUS /ˌɪnsərˈekʃən/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
interventionnounUS /ˌɪntərˈvenʃən/

the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
precipitatedverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “precipitate” — bring about abruptly

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
promisesnounUS /ˈprɑːməsəz/

plural of “promise” — a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rapiditynounUS /rəˈpɪdəti/

a rate that is rapid

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora curated lexicon
sufficedverbUS /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A brutal reply from the Russian government sufficed to make Europe fall back, and rendered harder than ever the fate of Poland.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
VeiledadjectiveUS /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading A bitter disappointment was the result, as we know.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Veiled promises and secret encouragements on the part of Napoleon III. contributed largely to the development of an insurrection whose instigators were too confident in the diplomatic intervention of France, England, and Austria.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
WILLSnounUS /wɪlz/

plural of “will” — the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention

From this reading THE COUNTRY WILLS IT.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Events precipitated themselves with frightful rapidity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

Chapter 18 of The Jew by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Jew contain?

Chapter 18 holds 137 sentences of The Jew, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Jew by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Jew?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Jew

Common questions about reading The Jew by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Jew?

Yes. All 8101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37621 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Jew is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37621, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Jew take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1621 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Jew

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Jew, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Diphthong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jew; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jew; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alternate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jew; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jew; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.