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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XI

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.
He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.
There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.
Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.
And how very cunning a trick was that!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XI

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.
Line 2
He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.
Line 3
There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.
Line 4
Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.
Line 5
And how very cunning a trick was that!

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Again noun US /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

However adverb US /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

activity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

againnounUS /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

Chicago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

cunning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And how very cunning a trick was that!

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

floating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

full

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And how very cunning a trick was that!

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

Jurgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

keep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

labor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

later

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

less

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

number

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

packers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

packing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

plan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

previous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

regular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

season

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

slack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

Sooner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

summer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

system

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands.

trained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

trick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And how very cunning a trick was that!

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And how very cunning a trick was that!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

week

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever.