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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XIII

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.
Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.
He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.
At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.
All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XIII

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.
Line 2
Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.
Line 3
He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.
Line 4
At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.
Line 5
All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Around preposition US /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.”

Perhaps noun US /perhaps/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

bigger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

brother

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

catching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

child

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

congenital

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

crawl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

cripples

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

dislocation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

drafts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

dress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

Elzbieta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

Elzbieta's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

filthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

floor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

fretting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

full

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

hip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

impossible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

intended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

Juozapas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

Jurgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

Kristoforas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

latter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

leg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

nature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

nose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

occurred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

ordinary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

perhaps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

ran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

rate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

rickets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

run

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough.

sick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

snuffling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

Teta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

undersized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

walk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk.

whining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran.

wretchedly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one.