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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The Jungle is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.
He was crippledhe was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.
He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.
He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunityhe must take his chances with the common herd.
Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herdhe must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The Jungle is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.
Line 2
He was crippledhe was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.
Line 3
He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.
Line 4
He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunityhe must take his chances with the common herd.
Line 5
Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herdhe must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

claws noun US /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading “He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.”

crippled adjective US /ˈkrɪpəld/

disabled in the feet or legs

From this reading “He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.”

impunity noun US /ˌɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

exemption from punishment or loss

From this reading “He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.”

literally adverb US /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading “He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.”

mingle verb US /ˈmɪŋɡəl/

to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading “Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.”

outcast noun US /ˈaʊtkæst/

a person who is rejected (from society or home)

From this reading “Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.”

shorn adjective US /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading “He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.”

tramp noun US /træmp/

a vagrant

From this reading “Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

chancesnounUS /ˈtʃænsəz/

plural of “chance” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

clawsnounUS /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

crippledadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪpəld/

disabled in the feet or legs

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

herdnounUS /hɜːrd/

a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

hideverbUS /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

impunitynounUS /ˌɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

exemption from punishment or loss

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

jobnounUS /dʒɑːb/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

Jurgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

mingleverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəl/

to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

NayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

outcastnounUS /ˈaʊtkæst/

a person who is rejected (from society or home)

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

shornadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

stealverbUS /stiːl/

take without the owner's consent

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

trampnounUS /træmp/

a vagrant

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

whereby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

Chapter 27 of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair holds 320 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of The Jungle contain?

Chapter 27 holds 320 sentences of The Jungle, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 320 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of The Jungle?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Jungle

Common questions about reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Jungle?

Yes. All 6384 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #140 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Jungle is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #140, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Jungle take to read?

About 532 minutes of reading across 1277 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Jungle section by section

How to work through The Jungle section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Jungle to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Jungle

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Jungle, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ceremony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Carriages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Began
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Jungle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.