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The Junior Classics, Volume 4
The Junior Classics, Volume 4

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.
Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!
By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.
Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.
Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Junior Classics, Volume 4

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.
Line 2
Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!
Line 3
By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.
Line 4
Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.
Line 5
Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.
/ˈherəld riˈpɔːrt maɪ ˈænsər tuː jɔːr ˈmæstər ðæt ˈnevər dʌz naɪt ʌv maɪ kɔːrt rəˈfjuːz ə ˈtʃæləndʒ ɑːn ˈiːkwəl tɜːrmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

calmed verb US /kɑːmd/

past form of “calm” — make calm or still

From this reading “Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!”

captivity noun US /kæpˈtɪvəti/

the state of being imprisoned

From this reading “Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.”

Charlemagne noun US /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading “Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!”

gage noun US /ɡeɪdʒ/

street names for marijuana

From this reading “Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.”

Herald verb US /ˈherəld/

foreshadow or presage

From this reading “Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.”

hostage noun US /ˈhɑːstɪdʒ/

a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading “Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.”

Mauritania noun US /ˌmɔːrɪˈteɪniə/

a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert

From this reading “Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.”

vassal noun US /ˈvæsəl/

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

Bertha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

calmedverbUS /kɑːmd/

past form of “calm” — make calm or still

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

captivitynounUS /kæpˈtɪvəti/

the state of being imprisoned

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

CharlemagnenounUS /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

Charlot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

FireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

fitlyadverb

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

flashedverbUS /flæʃt/

past form of “flash” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

gagenounUS /ɡeɪdʒ/

street names for marijuana

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

HeraldverbUS /ˈherəld/

foreshadow or presage

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

hostagenounUS /ˈhɑːstɪdʒ/

a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

interruptedadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈʌptɪd/

discontinued temporarily

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

MauritanianounUS /ˌmɔːrɪˈteɪniə/

a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

Ogier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

restrainedadjectiveUS /riˈstreɪnd/

cool and formal in manner

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

servingnounUS /ˈsɜːrvɪŋ/

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

SilencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

vassalnounUS /ˈvæsəl/

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ogier had risen to reply, when he was interrupted by Charlot, who said that the gage of the King of Mauritania could not fitly be received by a vassal, living in captivity; by which he meant Ogier, who was at that time serving as hostage for his father.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fire flashed from the eyes of Ogier, but the presence of the emperor restrained his speech, and he was calmed by the kind looks of Charlemagne, who said, with an angry voice, "Silence, Charlot!

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Ogier," he continued, "you are no longer a hostage.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Herald! report my answer to your master, that never does knight of my court refuse a challenge on equal terms.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading By the life of Bertha, my queen, he who has saved my life is as dear to me as yourself.

Chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 by William [Editor] Patten holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 424 sentences of The Junior Classics, Volume 4, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 by William [Editor] Patten exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Junior Classics, Volume 4?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Junior Classics, Volume 4

Common questions about reading The Junior Classics, Volume 4 by William [Editor] Patten on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Junior Classics, Volume 4?

Yes. All 5822 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Junior Classics, Volume 4 take to read?

About 485 minutes of reading across 1165 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Junior Classics, Volume 4 section by section

How to work through The Junior Classics, Volume 4 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of The Junior Classics, Volume 4 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Junior Classics, Volume 4

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Junior Classics, Volume 4, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Junior Classics, Volume 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Junior Classics, Volume 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eliot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Junior Classics, Volume 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
President
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Junior Classics, Volume 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.