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The just steward
The just steward

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The just steward is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The just steward
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.
He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.
Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:
"The reason!
And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The just steward

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The just steward is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.
Line 2
He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.
Line 3
Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:
Line 4
"The reason!
/ðə ˈriːzən/
Line 5
And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!
/ənd frʌm ðə kʌp ʌv maɪ ˈbɪtərnəs sɪns ˈmænhʊd keɪm tuː miː ˈmeni ˈkrɪstʃənz hæv drʌŋk deθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Christians noun US /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading “And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!”

Coptic noun US /ˈkɑːptɪk/

the liturgical language of the Coptic Church used in Egypt and Ethiopia; written in the Greek alphabet

From this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

manhood noun US /ˈmænhʊd/

the state of being a man; manly qualities

From this reading “And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!”

pinch verb US /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

receipt noun US /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

rounded adjective US /ˈraʊndəd/

curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged

From this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

shortened adjective US /ˈʃɔːrtənd/

cut short

From this reading “Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:”

squatting noun US /ˈskwɑːtɪŋ/

exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles

From this reading “Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stone bench noun + noun

In this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

went on verb + particle counted as “go on”

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

In this reading “Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:”

pinch of verb + particle

In this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.”

on the stone preposition + article + noun counted as “on … stone”

In this reading “Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

benchnounUS /bentʃ/

a long seat for more than one person

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

ChristiansnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

CopticnounUS /ˈkɑːptɪk/

the liturgical language of the Coptic Church used in Egypt and Ethiopia; written in the Greek alphabet

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

drunkadjectiveUS /drʌŋk/

stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

Hazaël

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

manhoodnounUS /ˈmænhʊd/

the state of being a man; manly qualities

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

Pachomius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

papyrusnoun

paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

pinchverbUS /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading "The reason!

receiptnounUS /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

roundedadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəd/

curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

shortenedadjectiveUS /ˈʃɔːrtənd/

cut short

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading And from the cup of my bitterness since manhood came to me, many Christians have drunk death!

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

squattingnounUS /ˈskwɑːtɪŋ/

exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

sun-blaze

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

uprightadjectiveUS /əˈpraɪt/

in a vertical position; not sloping

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading He was now waving the square of papyrus gently in the air to dry it.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hazaël went on, standing upright in the sun-blaze, with his shortened shadow squatting like a negro at his feet:

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Pachomius, seated on the stone bench, had finished the receipt in rounded Coptic writing, and scattered upon it a pinch of sand.

Chapter 3 of The just steward by Richard Dehan holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The just steward contain?

Chapter 3 holds 406 sentences of The just steward, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The just steward by Richard Dehan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The just steward?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The just steward

Common questions about reading The just steward by Richard Dehan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The just steward?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The just steward is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The just steward take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The just steward

Words and structures a reader meets early in The just steward, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The just steward, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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