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The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From
The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.
It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:
Weakness of intellect.
Excessive love.
Excessive pride.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.
Line 2
It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:
/ɪt səmˈtaɪmz ˈhæpənz ðæt waɪl ɡeɪnz ɑːr ˈbiːɪŋ sɔːt fɔːr ɔːr ɪkˈspektəd tuː biː ˈriːəlaɪzd ðæt ˈlɔːsəz ˈoʊnli ɑːr ðə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv ˈaʊər ˈefərts ðə ˈkɑːzəz ʌv ðiːz ˈlɔːsəz ɑːr/
Line 3
Weakness of intellect.
/ˈwiːknəs ʌv ˈɪntəlekt/
Line 4
Excessive love.
/ɪkˈsesɪv lʌv/
Line 5
Excessive pride.
/ɪkˈsesɪv praɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attendant noun US /əˈtendənt/

someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading “OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.”

causes noun US /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading “It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:”

doubts noun US /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading “OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.”

Excessive adjective US /ɪkˈsesɪv/

beyond normal limits

From this reading “Excessive love.”

gains noun US /ɡeɪnz/

plural of “gain” — a quantity that is added

From this reading “OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.”

intellect noun US /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading “Weakness of intellect.”

losses noun US /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading “OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.”

realised adjective US /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading “It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:”

All words in this reading · 37

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ALSOadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

ATTENDANTnounUS /əˈtendənt/

someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

COURTESANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

DIFFERENTadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

DOUBTSnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

ExcessiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsesɪv/

beyond normal limits

From this reading Excessive love.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

GAINSnounUS /ɡeɪnz/

plural of “gain” — a quantity that is added

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading Weakness of intellect.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

KINDSnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

LOSSESnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Excessive love.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Excessive pride.

realisedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

WeaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading Weakness of intellect.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expected to be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, the causes of these losses are:

Chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From by Vatsyayana holds 91 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From contain?

Chapter 31 holds 91 sentences of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From by Vatsyayana exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 91 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From

Common questions about reading The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From by Vatsyayana on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From?

Yes. All 2855 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27827 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27827, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From take to read?

About 237 minutes of reading across 571 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Minor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punctuation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Changed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana Translated From; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.