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The King's Cup-Bearer
The King's Cup-Bearer

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The King's Cup-Bearer
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Paidagogos.
The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.
They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.
The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.
For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The King's Cup-Bearer

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Paidagogos.
Line 2
The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.
Line 3
They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.
/ðeɪ wɜːr θroʊn ˈhedlɔːŋ frʌm ðɪs rɑːk ˈɪntuː ðə ˈvæli bɪˈloʊ ənd ˈperɪʃt æt ɪts beɪs/
Line 4
The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.
Line 5
For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

criminals noun US /ˈkrɪmənəlz/

plural of “criminal” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading “The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.”

disgrace verb US /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading “The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.”

executed adjective US /ˈeksəkjuːtɪd/

put to death as punishment

From this reading “The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.”

headlong adverb US /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

with the head foremost

From this reading “They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.”

perished verb US /ˈperɪʃt/

past form of “perish” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.”

raged verb US /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading “For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.”

Romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.”

treason noun US /ˈtriːzən/

a crime that undermines the offender's government

From this reading “The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

criminalsnounUS /ˈkrɪmənəlz/

plural of “criminal” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

disgraceverbUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

executedadjectiveUS /ˈeksəkjuːtɪd/

put to death as punishment

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

headlongadverbUS /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

with the head foremost

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

Paidagogos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Paidagogos.

perishedverbUS /ˈperɪʃt/

past form of “perish” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

RocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

Sabines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

Tarpeia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

Tarpeian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Paidagogos.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

traitressnoun

female traitor

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

treasonnounUS /ˈtriːzən/

a crime that undermines the offender's government

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading They were thrown headlong from this rock into the valley below, and perished at its base.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading For a long time the war had raged between the Romans and the Sabines.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Tarpeian Rock was the place where Roman criminals who had been guilty of the crime of treason were executed.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The rock took its name from a woman named Tarpeia, who has ever been a disgrace to her sex, and whose name was hated in Rome, for she was a traitress to her country.

Chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer by O. F., Mrs. Walton holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer contain?

Chapter 8 holds 132 sentences of The King's Cup-Bearer, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer by O. F., Mrs. Walton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The King's Cup-Bearer?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The King's Cup-Bearer

Common questions about reading The King's Cup-Bearer by O. F., Mrs. Walton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The King's Cup-Bearer?

Yes. All 2319 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12248 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The King's Cup-Bearer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12248, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The King's Cup-Bearer take to read?

About 193 minutes of reading across 464 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The King's Cup-Bearer section by section

How to work through The King's Cup-Bearer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The King's Cup-Bearer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The King's Cup-Bearer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The King's Cup-Bearer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lilies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The King's Cup-Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The King's Cup-Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rab-shakeh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The King's Cup-Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magnificently
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The King's Cup-Bearer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.