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The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843
The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843
Context Illustration Reading 1/91 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.
If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.
What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.
If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?
It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.
/ɪt ɪz wɜːrs ðæn ˈaɪdəl fɔːr ˈeni mæn tuː ɪkˈspekt tuː ˈbetər hɪz kənˈdɪʃən ɪn ə peˈkjuːnieri pɔɪnt ʌv vjuː baɪ ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ˈdʒentəlmən ˈfɑːrmər/
Line 2
If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.
Line 3
What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.
/wʌt wʊd ˈeni wʌn θɪŋk ʌv ə ˈdʒentəlmən ˈwɔːriər ɔːr ˈdʒentəlmən ˈpoʊət ðæt ɪz ʌv ə mæn huː ʃʊd ˈhaɪər ɔːl hɪz ˈfaɪtɪŋ dʌn ɔːr ɔːl hɪz ˈvɜːrsəz meɪd/
Line 4
If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?
Line 5
It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breeds noun US /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

expects verb US /ɪkˈspekts/

third-person singular of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

girding verb US /ˈɡɜːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading “If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?”

gratify verb US /ˈɡrætəfaɪ/

make happy or satisfied

From this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

parks noun US /pɑːrks/

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)

From this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

pecuniary adjective US /peˈkjuːnieri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading “It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.”

plough noun US /plaʊ/

a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major

From this reading “If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?”

waits noun US /weɪts/

plural of “wait” — time during which some action is awaited

From this reading “It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

waits until verb + particle counted as “wait until”

In this reading “It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.”

compared with verb + particle counted as “compare with”

In this reading “It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

without putting preposition + noun

In this reading “If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?”

lose money verb + noun

In this reading “If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.”

any man adjective + noun

In this reading “It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.”

other matters adjective + noun counted as “other matter”

In this reading “If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

breedsnounUS /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

crossesnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪz/

plural of “cross” — a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

crownsnounUS /kraʊnz/

plural of “crown” — the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

exertionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

expectsverbUS /ɪkˈspekts/

third-person singular of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

experimentsnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

girdingverbUS /ˈɡɜːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

gratifyverbUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪ/

make happy or satisfied

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

hireverbUS /ˈhaɪər/

engage or hire for work

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

husbandmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

parksnounUS /pɑːrks/

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

pecuniaryadjectiveUS /peˈkjuːnieri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

pleasure-grounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

ploughnounUS /plaʊ/

a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

scenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

waitsnounUS /weɪts/

plural of “wait” — time during which some action is awaited

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If a person have a fortune already, he may lay out pleasure-grounds, fence in parks, make experiments in crops, try crosses in breeds of cattle, and set out trees for shade and scenery, and thus gratify his taste, and possibly make some discovery for others to benefit by; but in his own case he will lose money; probably he expects it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading If success only crowns individual, personal exertion in all other matters, how is it that in this alone, in the primitive occupation of mankind, men expect it, without putting their own hand to the plough, and girding themselves for the labor?

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading It is a common remark among husbandmen that he who works with his 'hands' gets double the amount of work out of them compared with him who only gives his orders and waits until they are accomplished.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading It is worse than idle for any man to expect to better his condition in a pecuniary point of view, by turning gentleman farmer.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading What would any one think of a gentleman warrior or gentleman poet? that is, of a man who should hire all his fighting done or all his verses made.

Chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 by Various holds 458 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 458 sentences of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 458 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843

Common questions about reading The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843?

Yes. All 2121 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47920 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47920, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 take to read?

About 176 minutes of reading across 425 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 section by section

How to work through The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capital
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Replaced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knickerbocker, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 1843; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.