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The Knights of England, France, and Scotland
The Knights of England, France, and Scotland

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Knights of England, France, and Scotland
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.
It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.
To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.
To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.
Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Knights of England, France, and Scotland

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.
/ðə ˈɜːrli sʌn wɑːz ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ɑːn æz ˈbjuːtəfəl ə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈmeri mʌnθ ʌv meɪ æz ˈevər ˈlʌvər driːmd ɔːr ˈpoʊət sæŋ ˈoʊvər ə ˈdʒentəl ˈpæstərəl siːn ɪn ðə ˈsʌni lænd ʌv fræns/
Line 2
It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.
Line 3
To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.
Line 4
To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.
Line 5
Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alder noun US /ˈɔːldər/

wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc

From this reading “To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.”

decreased adjective US /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading “To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.”

degenerated verb US /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/

past form of “degenerate” — grow worse

From this reading “Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.”

Gauls noun US /ɡɔːlz/

plural of “gaul” — a person of French descent

From this reading “Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.”

leaflet noun US /ˈliːflət/

a thin triangular flap of a heart valve

From this reading “It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.”

navigable adjective US /ˈnævəɡəbəl/

able to be sailed on or through safely

From this reading “To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.”

snowstorm noun US /ˈsnoʊstɔːrm/

a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds

From this reading “It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.”

tufted adjective US /ˈtʌftɪd/

(of plants) growing in small dense clumps or tufts

From this reading “Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

red sandstone noun + noun

In this reading “To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.”

steep banks adjective + noun

In this reading “To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.”

sloping hills adjective + noun counted as “sloping hill”

In this reading “It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.”

overshadowed by verb + particle counted as “overshadow by”

In this reading “Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.”

sunny land adjective + noun

In this reading “The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.”

beautiful valley adjective + noun

In this reading “To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.”

in width preposition + noun

In this reading “To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.”

All words in this reading · 152

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

AboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

aldernounUS /ˈɔːldər/

wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

architecturenounUS /ˈɑːrkətektʃər/

an architectural product or work

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

aromaticadjectiveUS /ˌerəˈmætɪk/

(chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

ascendedverbUS /əˈsendɪd/

past form of “ascend” — travel up

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

barbarousadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːrbərəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

blossomsnounUS /ˈblɑːsəmz/

plural of “blossom” — reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

brakesnounUS /breɪks/

a braking device consisting of a combination of interacting parts that work to slow a motor vehicle

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

brazenadjectiveUS /ˈbreɪzən/

unrestrained by convention or propriety

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

brookletnoun

a small brook

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

budnounUS /bʌd/

a partially opened flower

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

canopynounUS /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

An overhead roof or structure, such as the high vaulted ceiling of an ancient library.

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

chiselled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

dalenounUS /deɪl/

an open river valley (in a hilly area)

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

decreasedadjectiveUS /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

degeneratedverbUS /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/

past form of “degenerate” — grow worse

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

dellnounUS /del/

a small wooded hollow

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

dew-spangled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

dottedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːtəd/

having a pattern of dots

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

dreamedadjectiveUS /driːmd/

conceived of or imagined or hoped for

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

echoedverbUS /ˈekoʊd/

past form of “echo” — to say again or imitate

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

exhaling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

GaulsnounUS /ɡɔːlz/

plural of “gaul” — a person of French descent

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

gorgeverbUS /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

grovenounUS /ɡroʊv/

a small growth of trees without underbrush

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

hawthornnounUS /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

a spring-flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

hazeladjectiveUS /ˈheɪzəl/

of a light brown or yellowish brown color

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

leafletnounUS /ˈliːflət/

a thin triangular flap of a heart valve

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

legionsnounUS /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

majesticadjectiveUS /məˈdʒestɪk/

majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane matters

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

many-colored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

navigableadjectiveUS /ˈnævəɡəbəl/

able to be sailed on or through safely

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

noisyadjectiveUS /ˈnɔɪzi/

full of or characterized by loud and nonmusical sounds

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

oak-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

overshadowedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd/

past form of “overshadow” — be greater in significance than

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

pastoraladjectiveUS /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

pebblesnounUS /ˈpebəlz/

plural of “pebble” — a small smooth rounded rock

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

perfumenounUS /pərˈfjuːm/

a distinctive odor that is pleasant

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

powderedadjectiveUS /ˈpaʊdərd/

consisting of fine particles

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

ravinenounUS /rəˈviːn/

a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

rivuletnoun

a small stream

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

rudelyadverbUS /ˈruːdli/

in an impolite manner

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

rungnounUS /rʌŋ/

a crosspiece between the legs of a chair

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

sandstonenounUS /ˈsændstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

slopingadjectiveUS /ˈsloʊpɪŋ/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

snowstormnounUS /ˈsnoʊstɔːrm/

a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

spring-head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

sunnyadjectiveUS /ˈsʌni/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

sweet-brier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

tenderest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

thicklyadverbUS /ˈθɪkli/

spoken with poor articulation as if with a thick tongue

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

trumpetsnounUS /ˈtrʌmpəts/

pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

tuftedadjectiveUS /ˈtʌftɪd/

(of plants) growing in small dense clumps or tufts

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

verdurenoun

green foliage

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

war-whoops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The early sun was shining on as beautiful a morning of the merry month of May as ever lover dreamed or poet sang, over a gentle pastoral scene in the sunny land of France.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

widenedverbUS /ˈwaɪdənd/

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

widthnounUS /wɪdθ/

the extent of something from side to side

From this reading To the left it decreased in width, and ascended rapidly between steep banks to the spring-head of the rivulet, a clear, cold well, covered by a canopy of Gothic architecture rudely chiselled in red sandstone.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Above this the gorge of the ravine--for into such the dell here degenerated--was thickly overshadowed by a grove of old tufted oak-trees, which might well have rung to the brazen trumpets of the Roman legions, and echoed the wild war-whoops of the barbarous Gauls in the days of the first Cæsar.

willownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a little winding dale between soft, sloping hills, covered with the tenderest spring verdure, and dotted with small brakes and thickets of hawthorn and sweet-brier; the former all powdered over, as if by a snowstorm, with their sweet, white blossoms, and the others exhaling their aromatic perfume from every dew-spangled bud and leaflet.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading To the right hand the narrow dale widened gradually as it took its way--worn, doubtless, in past days by the waters of the noisy brooklet which flowed along its bottom over a bed of many-colored pebbles, among thickets of willow, alder, and hazel--toward a broad and beautiful valley, through which flowed the majestic volume of a great, navigable river.

Chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland by Henry William Herbert holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland contain?

Chapter 5 holds 224 sentences of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland by Henry William Herbert exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Knights of England, France, and Scotland

Common questions about reading The Knights of England, France, and Scotland by Henry William Herbert on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland?

Yes. All 3710 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57045 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57045, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Knights of England, France, and Scotland take to read?

About 309 minutes of reading across 742 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Knights of England, France, and Scotland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Knights of England, France, and Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Knights of England, France, and Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Black
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Knights of England, France, and Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.