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The Laird of Norlaw
The Laird of Norlaw

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.
When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.
The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.
Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.
Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Laird of Norlaw

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.
Line 2
When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.
Line 3
The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.
Line 4
Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.
Line 5
Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?
/wer wɑːz ðer ˈevər ˈbɔɪhʊd wɪtʃ hæd nɑːt ˈvɪʒənz ʌv ædˈventʃər ənd driːmz ʌv streɪndʒ ˈkʌntriz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deposit verb US /dəˈpɑːzɪt/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading “The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.”

Highlander noun US /ˈhaɪlændər/

a soldier in a Scottish regiment from the Highlands

From this reading “The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.”

imaginative adjective US /ˌɪˈmædʒənətɪv/

(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action

From this reading “The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.”

laboring adjective US /ˈleɪbərɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading “Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.”

Livingstone noun US /ˈlɪvɪŋstoʊn/

Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)

From this reading “Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.”

permitting verb US /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading “When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.”

privations noun US /praɪˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “privation” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading “The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.”

quicken verb US /ˈkwɪkən/

move faster

From this reading “The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.”

in the midst preposition + article + noun counted as “in … midst”

the middle or central part or point

In this reading “Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.”

laboring man adjective + noun

In this reading “Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.”

in the evening preposition + article + noun counted as “in … evening”

In this reading “When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

atenounUS /eɪt/

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

boundedadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndəd/

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/

the childhood of a boy

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

Cameron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

Cosmo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

depositverbUS /dəˈpɑːzɪt/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

fellow-lodger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

garretnounUS /ˈɡerɪt/

floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

HighlandernounUS /ˈhaɪlændər/

a soldier in a Scottish regiment from the Highlands

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

humblyadverbUS /ˈhʌmbli/

in a humble manner

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

imaginativeadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənətɪv/

(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

laboringadjectiveUS /ˈleɪbərɪŋ/

doing arduous or unpleasant work

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

LivingstonenounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋstoʊn/

Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

permittingverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

privationsnounUS /praɪˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “privation” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

prospectsnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

quickenverbUS /ˈkwɪkən/

move faster

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

recalledverbUS /rɪˈkɔːld/

past form of “recall” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

reservenounUS /rɪˈzɜːrv/

formality and propriety of manner

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

scantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

straitest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

sweatnounUS /swet/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

temptationnounUS /temˈteɪʃən/

something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

UnconsciouslyadverbUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəsli/

without awareness

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

visionsnounUS /ˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “vision” — a vivid mental image

From this reading Where was there ever boyhood which had not visions of adventure and dreams of strange countries?

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he encountered his fellow-lodger in the evening, he found that Cameron had been permitting his temptation to gain more and more ground upon him.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Unconsciously to himself, the presence and society of Cosmo Livingstone had recalled his own boyhood to the laboring man, in the midst of that sweat of his brow in which he ate his scanty bread in the Edinburgh garret.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The pace of events began to quicken with Cosmo.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The Highlander, humbly born and cottage bred as he was, and till very recently bounded by the straitest prospects as to the future, had still a deep reserve of imaginative feeling, far away down where no one could get at it--under the deposit left by the slow toil and vulgar privations of many years.

Chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw contain?

Chapter 20 holds 92 sentences of The Laird of Norlaw, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Laird of Norlaw?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Laird of Norlaw

Common questions about reading The Laird of Norlaw by Mrs. (Margaret) Oliphant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Laird of Norlaw?

Yes. All 5834 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54053 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Laird of Norlaw is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54053, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Laird of Norlaw take to read?

About 486 minutes of reading across 1167 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Laird of Norlaw section by section

How to work through The Laird of Norlaw section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Laird of Norlaw to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Laird of Norlaw

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Laird of Norlaw, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Laird
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Laird of Norlaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norlaw
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Laird of Norlaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Laird of Norlaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Laird of Norlaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.