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The Lake of Wine
The Lake of Wine

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.
Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.
For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.
So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.
This was little comfort; but it was some.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lake of Wine

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.
/ðʌs æt leŋkθ wɑːz sɜːr ˈrɑːbərt ðə ˈjʌŋɡər ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd ʌv ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv hɪz ˌɪnˈherətəns/
Line 2
Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.
Line 3
For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.
Line 4
So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.
/soʊ hiː θɔːt ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ ˈʌndər ðə læʃ ʌv hɪz ˈfɑːðərz priˈdʒʌdʒmənt ənd ɪt wɑːz ˈoʊnli baɪ ənd baɪ ɪn wʌn ʌv ðoʊz ɪˈlæstɪk ˈriːbaʊndz ðæt wɜːr ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk ʌv ðə mæn ənd ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl ðæt hiː keɪm tuː kənˈsɪdər ðæt ɪt wɑːz ə priˈdʒʌdʒmənt ənd ðæt hæd hɪz ˈfɑːðər lɪvd tuː siː ɪt ˈverəfaɪd hiː maɪt hæv ˈmɑːdəfaɪd æt liːst ðə əˈsperɪti ʌv hɪz ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/
Line 5
This was little comfort; but it was some.
/ðɪs wɑːz ˈlɪtəl ˈkʌmfərt bʌt ɪt wɑːz sʌm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aggravation noun US /ˌæɡrəˈveɪʃən/

an exasperated feeling of annoyance

From this reading “Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.”

asperity noun US /əˈsperɪti/

something hard to endure

From this reading “So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.”

Creel noun US /kriːl/

a wicker basket used by anglers to hold fish

From this reading “Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.”

prejudgment noun US /priˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

a judgment reached before the evidence is available

From this reading “So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.”

rebounds noun US /ˈriːbaʊndz/

plural of “rebound” — a movement back from an impact

From this reading “So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.”

repentant adjective US /rɪˈpentənt/

feeling or expressing remorse for misdeeds

From this reading “For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.”

smarting noun US /ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ/

a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading “So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.”

wounding noun US /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading “Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.”

all appearance adjective + noun

In this reading “Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

aggravationnounUS /ˌæɡrəˈveɪʃən/

an exasperated feeling of annoyance

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

asperitynounUS /əˈsperɪti/

something hard to endure

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading This was little comfort; but it was some.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

constitutionaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

CreelnounUS /kriːl/

a wicker basket used by anglers to hold fish

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

dictatedadjectiveUS /dɪkˈteɪtɪd/

determined or decided upon as by an authority

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

elasticadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæstɪk/

capable of resuming original shape after stretching or compression; springy

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

giftnounUS /ɡɪft/

something acquired without compensation

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

humiliatingadjectiveUS /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/

causing awareness of your shortcomings

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

inheritancenounUS /ˌɪnˈherətəns/

hereditary succession to a title or an office or property

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

lashverbUS /læʃ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading This was little comfort; but it was some.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

modifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

prejudgmentnounUS /priˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

a judgment reached before the evidence is available

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

prodigalnounUS /ˈprɑːdɪɡəl/

a recklessly extravagant consumer

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

reboundsnounUS /ˈriːbaʊndz/

plural of “rebound” — a movement back from an impact

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

recitalnounUS /rəˈsaɪtəl/

the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

repentantadjectiveUS /rɪˈpentənt/

feeling or expressing remorse for misdeeds

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

responsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

smartingnounUS /ˈsmɑːrtɪŋ/

a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This was little comfort; but it was some.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For, if any love had dictated the gift--the new chance to a repentant prodigal--it was harder than Roman in its expression.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was little comfort; but it was some.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

unnecessarilyadverbUS /ənˈnesəserəli/

in an unnecessary manner

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

verifiedadjectiveUS /ˈverəfaɪd/

proved to be true

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So he thought, smarting under the lash of his father’s prejudgment; and it was only by and by, in one of those elastic rebounds that were characteristic of the man and constitutional, that he came to consider that it _was_ a prejudgment, and that, had his father lived to see it verified, he might have modified at least the asperity of his language.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

woundingnounUS /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading Thus, also, was it an aggravation of that wounding recital that, to all appearance, he might have earlier induced Mr. Creel to it--at a period when he himself was less bound to the conduct of a responsibility which he now knew he had undertaken upon terms that seemed to him unnecessarily humiliating, and which he could not but think he would surely otherwise have declined.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading Thus, at length, was Sir Robert the younger informed of the history of his inheritance.

Chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine by Bernard Capes holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine contain?

Chapter 23 holds 102 sentences of The Lake of Wine, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine by Bernard Capes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Lake of Wine?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lake of Wine

Common questions about reading The Lake of Wine by Bernard Capes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lake of Wine?

Yes. All 7565 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66415 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lake of Wine is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66415, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lake of Wine take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1513 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lake of Wine

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lake of Wine, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fares
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lake of Wine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unthrifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lake of Wine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Linne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lake of Wine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lake of Wine; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.