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The Lances of Lynwood
The Lances of Lynwood

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.
The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.
On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.
On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.
Eustace expressed his wonder.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lances of Lynwood

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.
/ə ˈbætəl ɪn ðə deɪz ʌv ˈʃɪvəlri wɑːz fɑːr les dɪˈstrʌktɪv ðæn ðoʊz ʌv ˈmɑːdərn taɪmz/
Line 2
The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.
Line 3
On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.
Line 4
On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.
Line 5
Eustace expressed his wonder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armies noun US /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading “The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.”

bier noun US /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading “On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.”

brother's noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading “On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.”

chivalry noun US /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading “A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.”

couch noun US /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading “On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.”

destructive adjective US /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading “A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.”

directing adjective US /dərˈektɪŋ/

showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on

From this reading “On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.”

Guy noun US /ɡaɪ/

an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading “On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

biernounUS /biːr/

a coffin along with its stand

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

couchnounUS /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

crossletted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

directingadjectiveUS /dərˈektɪŋ/

showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

Eustace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Eustace expressed his wonder.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

Gaston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

GuynounUS /ɡaɪ/

an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

KnightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

Lynwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

Navaretta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

Pedro's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

pennonnoun

a long flag; often tapering

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

Poitevin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

Reginald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A battle in the days of chivalry was far less destructive than those of modern times.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the following day all the four were buried in solemn state, at the church of the village of Navaretta, Sir Eustace following his brother's bier, at the head of all the men-at-arms.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On returning to his tent, Eustace found Gaston sitting on his couch, directing Guy, and old Poitevin, who had the blue crossletted pennon spread on the ground before him.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The loss in both armies at Navaretta did not amount to six hundred; and on Pedro's side but four Knights had fallen, of whom Sir Reginald Lynwood was the only Englishman.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading Eustace expressed his wonder.

Chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood contain?

Chapter 4 holds 166 sentences of The Lances of Lynwood, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Lances of Lynwood?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lances of Lynwood

Common questions about reading The Lances of Lynwood by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lances of Lynwood?

Yes. All 2386 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4364 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lances of Lynwood is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4364, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lances of Lynwood take to read?

About 198 minutes of reading across 478 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lances of Lynwood section by section

How to work through The Lances of Lynwood section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of The Lances of Lynwood to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lances of Lynwood

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lances of Lynwood, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lances of Lynwood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lynwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lances of Lynwood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Famed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lances of Lynwood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loyalty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Lances of Lynwood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.