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The Lanchester tradition
The Lanchester tradition

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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EXIT DR.
GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.
It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.
During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of silly old Fussy and substituted poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”
Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lanchester tradition

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EXIT DR.
Line 2
GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.
Line 3
It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.
Line 4
During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking ofsilly old Fussyand substitutedpoor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”
Line 5
Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Fussy adjective US /ˈfʌsi/

annoyed and irritable

From this reading “During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.””

happenings noun US /ˈhæpənɪŋz/

plural of “happening” — an event that happens

From this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

headmaster noun US /ˈhedˈmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading “It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.”

nicknames noun US /ˈnɪkneɪmz/

plural of “nickname” — a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

substituted verb US /ˈsʌbstətuːtɪd/

past form of “substitute” — put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading “During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.””

surname noun US /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

traditional adjective US /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading “It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.”

unwritten adjective US /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading “It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

unwritten law adjective + noun

law based on customary behavior

In this reading “It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.”

saying good-bye noun + noun

In this reading “GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.”

become absorbed verb + adjective

In this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

last fortnight adjective + noun

In this reading “GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.”

inner life adjective + noun

In this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

some difficulty adjective + noun

In this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

far more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.”

last Term adjective + noun

In this reading “It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

Chiltern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

Chowdler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

cursesnounUS /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

dismissedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsmɪst/

having lost your job

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

DR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EXIT DR.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

EXITnounUS /ˈeɡzɪt/

an opening that permits escape or release

From this reading EXIT DR.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

feweradjectiveUS /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

FussyadjectiveUS /ˈfʌsi/

annoyed and irritable

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

good-byenounUS /ɡɪdˈbaɪ/

a farewell remark

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

GUSSY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

happeningsnounUS /ˈhæpənɪŋz/

plural of “happening” — an event that happens

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

headmasternounUS /ˈhedˈmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

identifiedadjectiveUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪd/

having the identity known or established

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

ill-omen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

nicknamesnounUS /ˈnɪkneɪmz/

plural of “nickname” — a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

recallingverbUS /rɪˈkɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “recall” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

substitutedverbUS /ˈsʌbstətuːtɪd/

past form of “substitute” — put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

surnamenounUS /ˈsɜːrneɪm/

the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

TermnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

traditionaladjectiveUS /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

unwrittenadjectiveUS /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading During the last fortnight, even Mr. Chowdler gave up speaking of “silly old Fussy” and substituted “poor old Gussy,” or, more rarely, “_dear_ old Gussy.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GUSSY The last fortnight of the Term was largely devoted to saying good-bye to Dr. Gussy.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading It was traditional at Chiltern for a headmaster to be received with curses and dismissed with blessings; and an unwritten law required that, as his last Term drew to a close, words of ill-omen should become few and fewer.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Dr. Gussy had never identified himself very closely with the life of the school, nor allowed himself to become absorbed in its daily happenings; his youngest daughter probably knew far more about the inner life of Chiltern than he did, and could address by their nicknames boys of whom her father had some difficulty in recalling the surname.

Chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby holds 104 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition contain?

Chapter 3 holds 104 sentences of The Lanchester tradition, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 104 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Lanchester tradition?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lanchester tradition

Common questions about reading The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lanchester tradition?

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Which edition of The Lanchester tradition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lanchester tradition take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Lanchester tradition section by section

How to work through The Lanchester tradition section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Lanchester tradition

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lanchester tradition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Lanchester tradition, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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