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The Lanchester tradition
The Lanchester tradition

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.
For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.
This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.
Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.
But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lanchester tradition

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.
Line 2
For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.
/fɔːr ðə fɜːrst taɪm fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz ðə ˈnʌmbərz ɪn ðə skuːl wɜːr daʊn/
Line 3
This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.
/ðɪs wɑːz ɪn pɑːrt duː tuː ðə dɪˈlɪbərət ˈækʃən ʌv ðə ˈhedˈmæstər/
Line 4
Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.
/ˈvetərənz ɪn ðə ˈloʊər fɔːrmz ʌv ðə skuːl hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd tuː muːv ɑːn ənd ðə ˈvetərənz wɜːr ˈnuːmərəs/
Line 5
But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acrimony noun US /ˈækrɪmoʊni/

a rough and bitter manner

From this reading “THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.”

disapproval noun US /dɪsəˈpruːvəl/

a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing

From this reading “THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.”

dissatisfied adjective US /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading “THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.”

eleventh adjective US /ɪˈlevənθ/

coming next after the tenth and just before the twelfth in position

From this reading “But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.”

headmaster noun US /ˈhedˈmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading “This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.”

shrinkage noun US /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading “But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.”

stress noun US /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading “But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.”

veterans noun US /ˈvetərənz/

plural of “veteran” — a serviceman who has seen considerable active service

From this reading “Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eleventh hour adjective + noun

the latest possible moment

In this reading “But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.”

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.”

Other people adjective + noun

In this reading “THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.”

move on verb + particle

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

In this reading “Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acrimonynounUS /ˈækrɪmoʊni/

a rough and bitter manner

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

Chowdler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

disapprovalnounUS /dɪsəˈpruːvəl/

a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

dissatisfiedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

eleventhadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevənθ/

coming next after the tenth and just before the twelfth in position

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

EXPLOSIONnounUS /ɪkˈsploʊʒən/

a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

headmasternounUS /ˈhedˈmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

shrinkagenounUS /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

process or result of becoming less or smaller

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

VeteransnounUS /ˈvetərənz/

plural of “veteran” — a serviceman who has seen considerable active service

From this reading Veterans in the lower forms of the school had been invited to “move on”; and the veterans were numerous.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was in part due to the deliberate action of the headmaster.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE EXPLOSION Other people than Mr. Chowdler were dissatisfied with the state of affairs, though none expressed disapproval with quite such acrimony.

withdrawnadjectiveUS /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading But there was another reason for the shrinkage and one on which Mr. Chowdler and his friends were more inclined to lay stress; namely, that several names had been withdrawn at the eleventh hour from the January entrance list.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For the first time for many years the numbers in the school were down.

Chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition contain?

Chapter 12 holds 120 sentences of The Lanchester tradition, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Lanchester tradition?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Lanchester tradition

Common questions about reading The Lanchester tradition by G. F. (Godfrey Fox) Bradby on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Lanchester tradition?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Lanchester tradition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Lanchester tradition take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Lanchester tradition section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Lanchester tradition

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Lanchester tradition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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