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The Land of Desolation
The Land of Desolation

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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ICE AND SNOW.
In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.
We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.
Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.
Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Land of Desolation

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ICE AND SNOW.
/aɪs ənd snoʊ/
Line 2
In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.
Line 3
We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.
Line 4
Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.
/əˈpɑːn ðə ˈkɑːzəz ʌv ðer fɔːl wiː hæv ˌhaʊˈevər ˈberli ˈspekjəleɪtɪd/
Line 5
Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.
/əˈmʌŋ ðem ɔːl nʌn pəˈzes æn ˈɪntrəst tuː ˈiːkwəl ðæt wʌn ˈmaɪti kɑːz wɪtʃ hæz bɪn ˈsaɪləntli ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ðer fɔːr ˈkaʊntləs ˈeɪdʒəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chapters noun US /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.”

countless adjective US /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading “Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.”

decay noun US /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading “In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.”

erected verb US /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading “We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.”

mournful adjective US /ˈmɔːrnfəl/

expressing sorrow

From this reading “We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.”

speculated verb US /ˈspekjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading “Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.”

struggles noun US /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading “We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.”

traced verb US /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading “In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

countless ages adjective + noun counted as “countless age”

In this reading “Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.”

previous chapters adjective + noun counted as “previous chapter”

In this reading “In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.”

stood beside verb + particle

In this reading “We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.”

first appearance adjective + noun

the act of beginning something new

In this reading “In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ICE AND SNOW.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

edifices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

ICEnounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading ICE AND SNOW.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

mournfuladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrnfəl/

expressing sorrow

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

Norman-Greenlanders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

silentlyadverbUS /ˈsaɪləntli/

without speaking

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

SNOWnounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading ICE AND SNOW.

speculatedverbUS /ˈspekjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon the causes of their fall we have, however, barely speculated.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the previous chapters we have traced the history of the Norman-Greenlanders from their first appearance to their decay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading We have witnessed their early struggles, have observed them in their prosperity, and have stood beside the ruined edifices erected by their hands, and read there a mournful story of a fallen race.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading Among them all, none possess an interest to equal that one mighty cause which has been silently working there for countless ages.

Chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation by I. I. (Isaac Israel) Hayes holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation contain?

Chapter 16 holds 54 sentences of The Land of Desolation, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation by I. I. (Isaac Israel) Hayes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Land of Desolation?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Land of Desolation

Common questions about reading The Land of Desolation by I. I. (Isaac Israel) Hayes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Land of Desolation?

Yes. All 3145 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59217 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Land of Desolation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59217, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Land of Desolation take to read?

About 262 minutes of reading across 629 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Land of Desolation section by section

How to work through The Land of Desolation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Land of Desolation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Land of Desolation

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Land of Desolation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Land of Desolation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Land of Desolation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Land of Desolation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Observation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Land of Desolation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.