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The Last Abbot of Glastonbury
The Last Abbot of Glastonbury

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.
In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.
But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.
There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”
Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Abbot of Glastonbury

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.
Line 2
In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.
Line 3
But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.
/bʌt sɜːr dʒɑːn wɑːz nɑːt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ʌv ðiːz θɪŋz hɪz ˈiːvəl hɑːrt wɑːz fʊl ʌv ˈbɪtərnəs/
Line 4
There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”
Line 5
Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.
/sɜːr dʒɑːn hæd ˈɪndʒərd hɪz ˈbrʌðərz tʃaɪld ˈdiːpli ˈkruːli ənd hiː kʊd nɑːt fərˈɡɪv hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

darken verb US /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

exemplified verb US /ɪɡˈzempləfaɪd/

inflected form of “exemplify” — be characteristic of

From this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

gothic adjective US /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

manuscripts noun US /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

printing noun US /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

proverb noun US /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.””

superseded verb US /ˌsuːpərˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “supersede” — take the place or move into the position of

From this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

typography noun US /təˈpɑːɡrəfi/

the craft of composing type and printing from it

From this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

broad acres adjective + noun

In this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

printed books noun + noun counted as “print books”

In this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

superseded by verb + particle counted as “supersede by”

In this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

writing table noun + noun

a desk used for writing

In this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

In the library preposition + article + noun counted as “in … library”

In this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

look over verb + particle

In this reading “_THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.”

in truth preposition + noun

in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)

In this reading “In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

AbbeynounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

breviaries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

caligraphy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.

cleareradjectiveUS /ˈklɪrər/

comparative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

cruellyadverbUS /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

DARKENverbUS /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.

embrasurenoun

an opening (in a wall or ship or armored vehicle) for firing through

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

exemplifiedverbUS /ɪɡˈzempləfaɪd/

inflected form of “exemplify” — be characteristic of

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

forgiveverbUS /fərˈɡɪv/

stop blaming or grant forgiveness

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

Glastonbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

gothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Sir John had injured his brother’s child, deeply, cruelly, and he could not forgive him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

injuredadjectiveUS /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

manornounUS /ˈmænər/

the mansion of a lord or wealthy person

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

manuscriptsnounUS /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

missals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

printingnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

proverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

Redfyrne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

SHADOWSnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

shelvesnounUS /ʃelvz/

Plural of shelf; the vast wooden or stone structures holding archives.

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

supersededverbUS /ˌsuːpərˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “supersede” — take the place or move into the position of

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading But Sir John was not thinking of these things, his evil heart was full of bitterness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

typographynounUS /təˈpɑːɡrəfi/

the craft of composing type and printing from it

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading There is an old Spanish proverb,--“The man who has injured thee, will never forgive thee.”

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In the shelves were ranged many printed books and curious manuscripts, in part the plunder of Glastonbury Abbey; and in truth never was typography clearer, or more beautiful than in the first century of its existence; nor on the other hand was caligraphy, as exemplified in ancient missals and breviaries, ever more a work of art than when about to be superseded by the printing press.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading _THE SHADOWS DARKEN._ In the library of Castle Redfyrne sat Sir John, the present lord of that ancient manor, at a writing table placed in the embrasure of a gothic window, whence he could look over the broad acres he had made his own.

Chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury contain?

Chapter 21 holds 98 sentences of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Abbot of Glastonbury

Common questions about reading The Last Abbot of Glastonbury by A. D. (Augustine David) Crake on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury?

Yes. All 2115 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53010 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53010, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Abbot of Glastonbury take to read?

About 176 minutes of reading across 423 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Abbot of Glastonbury section by section

How to work through The Last Abbot of Glastonbury section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Abbot of Glastonbury

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Abbot of Glastonbury, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dissolution
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Monasteries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Abbot of Glastonbury; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.