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The last class
The last class

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The last class is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.
The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!
Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.
But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.
The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The last class

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The last class is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.
Line 2
The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!
Line 3
Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.
Line 4
But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.
Line 5
The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.
/ðə twelv ˈtʃɪldrən ɪn ðə ˈkoʊzi ˈklæsruːm keɪm tuː əˈtenʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

classroom noun US /ˈklæsruːm/

a room in a school where lessons take place

From this reading “The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.”

cozy adjective US /ˈkoʊzi/

enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space

From this reading “The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.”

cracks noun US /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading “But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.”

Emile noun US /eɪˈmiːl/

the boy whose upbringing was described by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

From this reading “_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.”

scarred adjective US /skɑːrd/

deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury

From this reading “But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.”

schoolmaster noun US /ˈskuːlmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading “_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.”

wrinkles noun US /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading “But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.”

Zola noun US /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading “_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

th Century noun + noun

In this reading “But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.”

Many years adjective + noun

In this reading “_Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.”

last words adjective + noun

In this reading “The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!”

final words adjective + noun

In this reading “Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

classroomnounUS /ˈklæsruːm/

a room in a school where lessons take place

From this reading The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.

cozyadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊzi/

enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space

From this reading The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.

cracksnounUS /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

EmilenounUS /eɪˈmiːl/

the boy whose upbringing was described by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

Franco-Prussian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

Hippiness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

pupilsnounUS /ˈpjuːpəlz/

plural of “pupil” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

scarredadjectiveUS /skɑːrd/

deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

schoolmasternounUS /ˈskuːlmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

schoolmaster's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

shootingnounUS /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

sky-scrapers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Miss Hippiness, in this story, had no final words.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading The twelve children in the cozy classroom came to attention.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

Vive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The schoolmaster's last words were: Vive la France!

wrinklesnounUS /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading But if she had, they might have been_: "_Long live the 20th Century!_" "And now, children," said Miss Hippiness, her smile shooting deep wrinkles across her face like the cracks up the scarred sides of the ancient, empty sky-scrapers of New York.

ZolanounUS /ˈzoʊlə/

French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)

From this reading _Many years ago Emile Zola wrote a tale, by this same title, of a French schoolmaster who was forced to leave his pupils by the victorious German troops after the Franco-Prussian War.

Chapter 1 of The last class by Richard Banks holds 251 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The last class contain?

Chapter 1 holds 251 sentences of The last class, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The last class by Richard Banks exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 251 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The last class?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The last class

Common questions about reading The last class by Richard Banks on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The last class?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The last class is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The last class take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The last class section by section

How to work through The last class section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The last class to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The last class

Words and structures a reader meets early in The last class, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The last class, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The last class, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The last class, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.