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The Last Days of Pompeii
The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.
TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.
It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.
Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.
On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.
Line 2
TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.
Line 3
It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.
/ɪt wɑːz ə lɑːrdʒ ruːm ðæt ˈoʊpənd æt wʌns ɑːn ðə kənˈfaɪnd ənd ˈkraʊdəd leɪn/
Line 4
Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.
Line 5
On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

champions noun US /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading “Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.”

countenances noun US /ˈkaʊntənənsɪz/

plural of “countenance” — the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading “Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.”

gladiators noun US /ˈɡlædieɪtərz/

plural of “gladiator” — (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat

From this reading “TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.”

Herculean adjective US /hərˈkjuːliən/

displaying superhuman strength or power

From this reading “Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.”

jars noun US /dʒɑːrz/

Wide-mouthed cylindrical containers made of clay or glass, used for storing goods.

From this reading “On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!”

minions noun US /ˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “minion” — a servile or fawning dependant

From this reading “TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.”

obscene adjective US /ɑːbˈsiːn/

designed to incite to indecency or lust

From this reading “TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.”

penniless adjective US /ˈpeniləs/

not having enough money to pay for necessities

From this reading “TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

Alsatianoun

a region of northeastern France famous for its wines

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

arenanounUS /ərˈiːnə/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

championsnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

CLASSICnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

countenancesnounUS /ˈkaʊntənənsɪz/

plural of “countenance” — the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

drinkingnounUS /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

FLASHverbUS /flæʃ/

gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

GENTLEMENnounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

gladiatorsnounUS /ˈɡlædieɪtərz/

plural of “gladiator” — (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

hauntverbUS /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

HerculeanadjectiveUS /hərˈkjuːliən/

displaying superhuman strength or power

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

insertedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

jarsnounUS /dʒɑːrz/

Wide-mouthed cylindrical containers made of clay or glass, used for storing goods.

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

lanenounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

minionsnounUS /ˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “minion” — a servile or fawning dependant

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

musclesnounUS /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

necksnounUS /neks/

plural of “neck” — the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

obsceneadjectiveUS /ɑːbˈsiːn/

designed to incite to indecency or lust

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

pennilessadjectiveUS /ˈpeniləs/

not having enough money to pay for necessities

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

POMPEIInoun

ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

prize-fighters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

RINGverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

tenantedadjective

resided in; having tenants

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A FLASH HOUSE IN POMPEII, AND THE GENTLEMEN OF THE CLASSIC RING.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

thresholdnounUS /ˈθreʃoʊld/

the starting point for a new state or experience

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

transportedverbUS /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

viciousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪʃəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a large room, that opened at once on the confined and crowded lane.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

well-strung

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading TO one of those parts of Pompeii, which were tenanted not by the lords of pleasure, but by its minions and its victims; the haunt of gladiators and prize-fighters; of the vicious and the penniless; of the savage and the obscene; the Alsatia of an ancient city--we are now transported.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Before the threshold was a group of men, whose iron and well-strung muscles, whose short and Herculean necks, whose hardy and reckless countenances, indicated the champions of the arena.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading On a shelf, without the shop, were ranged jars of wine and oil; and right over this was inserted in the wall a coarse painting, which exhibited gladiators drinking--so ancient and so venerable is the custom of signs!

Chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii contain?

Chapter 7 holds 211 sentences of The Last Days of Pompeii, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii

Common questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Yes. All 7117 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1565 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Days of Pompeii is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1565, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Days of Pompeii take to read?

About 593 minutes of reading across 1424 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Days of Pompeii section by section

How to work through The Last Days of Pompeii section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Last Days of Pompeii to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Days of Pompeii

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Days of Pompeii, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gentlemen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pompeii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diomed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glaucus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.