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The Last Days of Pompeii
The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.
TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.
WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.
WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.
In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.
/rɪˈflekʃənz ɑːn ðə ziːl ʌv ðə ˈɜːrli ˈkrɪstʃənz/
Line 2
TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.
/tuː men kʌm tuː ə ˈperələs riˈzɑːlv/
Line 3
WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.
/wɔːlz hæv ɪrz ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ˈseɪkrəd wɔːlz/
Line 4
WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.
Line 5
In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

betrays verb US /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.”

champions noun US /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading “WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.”

Christianity noun US /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading “WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.”

dominant adjective US /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading “In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.”

intolerance noun US /ˌɪnˈtɑːlərəns/

impatience with annoyances

From this reading “In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.”

martyrs noun US /ˈmɑːrtərz/

plural of “martyr” — one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading “WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.”

persecuted verb US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading “In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.”

supports noun US /səˈpɔːrts/

plural of “support” — the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading “In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

acceptingadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪŋ/

tolerating without protest

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

betraysverbUS /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

championsnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

CHRISTIANSnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

COMEverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

compromiseverbUS /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/

make a compromise; arrive at a compromise

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

dominantadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

EARSnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.

fearingverbUS /ˈfɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

HAVEauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

intolerancenounUS /ˌɪnˈtɑːlərəns/

impatience with annoyances

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

martyrsnounUS /ˈmɑːrtərz/

plural of “martyr” — one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

MENnounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

PARTICULARLYadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

PERILOUSadjectiveUS /ˈperələs/

fraught with danger

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

persecutedverbUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

REFLECTIONSnounUS /rɪˈflekʃənz/

plural of “reflection” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

RESOLVEverbUS /riˈzɑːlv/

bring to an end; settle conclusively

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

SACREDadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

supportsnounUS /səˈpɔːrts/

plural of “support” — the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

TWOnounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading TWO MEN COME TO A PERILOUS RESOLVE.

WALLSnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading WALLS HAVE EARS, PARTICULARLY SACRED WALLS.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading In a dominant Church the genius of intolerance betrays its cause--in a weak and persecuted Church, the same genius mainly supports.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

WHOEVER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading WHOEVER regards the early history of Christianity, will perceive how necessary to its triumph was that fierce spirit of zeal, which, fearing no danger, accepting no compromise, inspired its champions and sustained its martyrs.

ZEALnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading REFLECTIONS ON THE ZEAL OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.

Chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii contain?

Chapter 21 holds 35 sentences of The Last Days of Pompeii, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii

Common questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Yes. All 7117 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1565 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Days of Pompeii is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1565, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Days of Pompeii take to read?

About 593 minutes of reading across 1424 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Last Days of Pompeii

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Days of Pompeii, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gentlemen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pompeii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diomed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glaucus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.