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The Last Days of Pompeii
The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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NYDIA ACCOSTS CALENUS.
WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!
The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!
She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.
He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Days of Pompeii

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NYDIA ACCOSTS CALENUS.
Line 2
WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!
Line 3
The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!
Line 4
She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.
Line 5
He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjudge verb US /əˈdʒʌdʒ/

declare to be

From this reading “The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!”

Athenian noun US /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading “He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.”

choked adjective US /tʃoʊkt/

stopped up; clogged up

From this reading “She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.”

imprisoned adjective US /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading “He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.”

muffled adjective US /ˈmʌfəld/

being or made softer or less loud or clear

From this reading “She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.”

overheard verb US /ˈoʊvərˈhɜːrd/

inflected form of “overhear” — hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers

From this reading “WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!”

praetor noun US /ˈpriːtər/

an annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic

From this reading “He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.”

shrieks noun US /ʃriːks/

plural of “shriek” — sharp piercing cry

From this reading “She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

ACCOSTS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NYDIA ACCOSTS CALENUS.

adjudgeverbUS /əˈdʒʌdʒ/

declare to be

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

Arbaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

AtheniannounUS /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

breathedadjectiveUS /briːðd/

uttered without voice

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

CALENUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NYDIA ACCOSTS CALENUS.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

chokedadjectiveUS /tʃoʊkt/

stopped up; clogged up

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

Glaucus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

hiding-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

imprecations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

muffledadjectiveUS /ˈmʌfəld/

being or made softer or less loud or clear

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

NYDIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NYDIA ACCOSTS CALENUS.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

overheardverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhɜːrd/

inflected form of “overhear” — hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

praetornounUS /ˈpriːtər/

an annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

prayersnounUS /prerz/

plural of “prayer” — the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

preserveverbUS /prəˈzɜːrv/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

shrieksnounUS /ʃriːks/

plural of “shriek” — sharp piercing cry

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading She caught his cries and shrieks--his imprecations--his prayers, though they fell choked and muffled on her ear.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was imprisoned, but she knew the secret of his cell: could she but escape--could she but seek the praetor he might yet in time be given to light, and preserve the Athenian.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The next day Glaucus was to be condemned; yet there lived one who could save him, and adjudge Arbaces to his doom, and that one breathed within a few steps of her hiding-place!

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading WHAT words of terror, yet of hope, had Nydia overheard!

Chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii contain?

Chapter 31 holds 197 sentences of The Last Days of Pompeii, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii

Common questions about reading The Last Days of Pompeii by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Days of Pompeii?

Yes. All 7117 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1565 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Days of Pompeii is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1565, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Days of Pompeii take to read?

About 593 minutes of reading across 1424 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Days of Pompeii section by section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Last Days of Pompeii

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Days of Pompeii, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gentlemen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pompeii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diomed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Glaucus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Days of Pompeii; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.