Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Last Man
The Last Man

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Last Man is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Last Man
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.
My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.
He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.
I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.
The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lipslips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Man

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Last Man is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.
Line 2
My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.
/maɪ ˈsɪstərz ˈhaɪtənd ˈkʌlər ənd ˈspɑːrklɪŋ aɪz hæf rɪˈviːld hɜːr ˈsiː.krət tuː miː/
Line 3
He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.
Line 4
I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.
Line 5
The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lipslips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accosted verb US /əˈkɑːstɪd/

past form of “accost” — speak to someone

From this reading “He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.”

disdain verb US /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading “The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.”

ferocity noun US /fərˈɑːsəti/

the property of being wild or turbulent

From this reading “The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.”

heightened verb US /ˈhaɪtənd/

past form of “heighten” — become more extreme

From this reading “My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.”

predominate verb US /prɪˈdɑːməneɪt/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.”

scanned verb US /skænd/

inflected form of “scan” — examine minutely or intensely

From this reading “I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.”

trait noun US /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.”

Windsor noun US /ˈwɪnzər/

a city in southeastern Ontario on the Detroit River opposite Detroit

From this reading “The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accostedverbUS /əˈkɑːstɪd/

past form of “accost” — speak to someone

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

colourlessadjective

lacking in variety and interest

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

courtesynounUS /ˈkɜːrtəsi/

a courteous or respectful or considerate act

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

curledadjectiveUS /kɜːrld/

(of hair) making curls or having been made to curl

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

ferocitynounUS /fərˈɑːsəti/

the property of being wild or turbulent

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

glarenounUS /ɡler/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

heightenedverbUS /ˈhaɪtənd/

past form of “heighten” — become more extreme

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

Perdita's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

physiognomynoun

the human face (“kisser” and “smiler” and “mug” are informal terms for “face” and “phiz” is British)

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

predominateverbUS /prɪˈdɑːməneɪt/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

Raymond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

revealedverbUS /rɪˈviːld/

past form of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

scannedverbUS /skænd/

inflected form of “scan” — examine minutely or intensely

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

self-possessedadjective

in full control of your faculties

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

self-willnoun

resolute adherence to your own ideas or desires

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

sister'snounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

possessive form of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

sparklingadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrklɪŋ/

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading My sister’s heightened colour and sparkling eyes half revealed her secret to me.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

traitnounUS /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The usual expression of his eyes was soft, though at times he could make them even glare with ferocity; his complexion was colourless; and every trait spoke predominate self-will; his smile was pleasing, though disdain too often curled his lips—lips which to female eyes were the very throne of beauty and love.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

WindsornounUS /ˈwɪnzər/

a city in southeastern Ontario on the Detroit River opposite Detroit

From this reading The next day Lord Raymond called at Perdita’s cottage, on his way to Windsor Castle.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was perfectly self-possessed; he accosted us both with courtesy, seemed immediately to enter into our feelings, and to make one with us.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading I scanned his physiognomy, which varied as he spoke, yet was beautiful in every change.

Chapter 4 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 220 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Last Man contain?

Chapter 4 holds 220 sentences of The Last Man, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 220 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Last Man?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Man

Common questions about reading The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Man?

Yes. All 6659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18247 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18247, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Man take to read?

About 554 minutes of reading across 1332 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Man section by section

How to work through The Last Man section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Last Man to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloud-enshadowed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.