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The Last Man
The Last Man

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Last Man is here in full — 314 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Last Man
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.
Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.
Why not for ever thus?
I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.
But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Man

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Last Man is here in full — 314 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.
Line 2
Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.
Line 3
Why not for ever thus?
/waɪ nɑːt fɔːr ˈevər ðʌs/
Line 4
I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.
/aɪ æm nɑːt ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl ənd ðə θred ʌv maɪ ˈhɪstəri maɪt biː spʌn aʊt tuː ðə ˈlɪməts ʌv maɪ eɡˈzɪstəns/
Line 5
But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bids noun US /bɪdz/

plural of “bid” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading “But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.”

immortal adj US /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading “I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.”

limits noun US /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading “I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.”

lingered verb US /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading “I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.”

recollections noun US /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading “But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.”

replete adjective US /riˈpliːt/

filled to satisfaction with food or drink

From this reading “But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.”

spun verb US /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading “I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.”

wasting noun US /ˈweɪstɪŋ/

any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease

From this reading “I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

bidsnounUS /bɪdz/

plural of “bid” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

cradled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

dallying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Why not for ever thus?

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Why not for ever thus?

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

hurrynounUS /ˈhɜːri/

a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Why not for ever thus?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

pourtray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

recollectionsnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

repleteadjectiveUS /riˈpliːt/

filled to satisfaction with food or drink

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

retrospectionnoun

reference to things past

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

shoalnoun

a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

spunverbUS /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading But the same sentiment that first led me to pourtray scenes replete with tender recollections, now bids me hurry on.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am not immortal; and the thread of my history might be spun out to the limits of my existence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

wastingnounUS /ˈweɪstɪŋ/

any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Thus long, I have cradled my heart in retrospection of past happiness, when hope was.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why not for ever thus?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have lingered thus long on the extreme bank, the wasting shoal that stretched into the stream of life, dallying with the shadow of death.

Chapter 17 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 314 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The Last Man contain?

Chapter 17 holds 314 sentences of The Last Man, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 314 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The Last Man?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Man

Common questions about reading The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Man?

Yes. All 6659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18247 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18247, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Man take to read?

About 554 minutes of reading across 1332 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Man section by section

How to work through The Last Man section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Last Man to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloud-enshadowed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.