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The Last Man
The Last Man

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Last Man is here in full — 253 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.
The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.
Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.
Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.
This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Man

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Last Man is here in full — 253 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.
Line 2
The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.
/ðə ˈsʌmər wɪtʃ wɑːz ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli hɑːt hæd bɪn proʊˈtræktɪd ˈɪntuː ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðɪs mʌnθ wen ɑːn ðə eɪˈtiːnθ ə ˈsʌdən tʃeɪndʒ wɑːz brɔːt əˈbaʊt frʌm ˈsʌmər ˈtemprətʃər tuː ˈwɪntər frɔːst/
Line 3
Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.
Line 4
Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.
Line 5
This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.
/ðɪs ˈprɑːməs ʌv ə rɪˈnuːd liːs ʌv laɪf tɜːrnd ˈrʌɡəd ˈneɪtʃərz tuː ˈmeltɪŋ ˈtendərnəs ənd baɪ ˈkɑːntræst fɪld ðə sɑːft wɪð hɑːrʃ ənd ənˈnætʃərəl ˈsentəmənts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chilling adjective US /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

provoking fear terror

From this reading “Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.”

lease noun US /liːs/

property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading “This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.”

nears verb US /nɪrz/

third-person singular of “near” — move towards

From this reading “Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.”

Pestilence noun US /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.”

protracted adjective US /proʊˈtræktɪd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading “The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.”

uncommonly adverb US /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading “The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.”

unhealthy adjective US /ənˈhelθi/

not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind

From this reading “Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

ardours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

brimnounUS /brɪm/

the top edge of a vessel or other container

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

chillingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

provoking fear terror

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

death-dealing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

equinoctialadjective

relating to the vicinity of the equator

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

fancying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

frostnounUS /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

GaspingverbUS /ˈɡæspɪŋ/

-ing form of “gasp” — breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

HalfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

harshadjectiveUS /hɑːrʃ/

unpleasantly stern

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

islanded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

leasenounUS /liːs/

property that is leased or rented out or let

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

meltingnounUS /ˈmeltɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

naturesnounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

nearsverbUS /nɪrz/

third-person singular of “near” — move towards

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

pausenounUS /pɔːz/

a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

PestilencenounUS /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

protractedadjectiveUS /proʊˈtræktɪd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

sailornounUS /ˈseɪlər/

any member of a ship's crew

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

sentimentsnounUS /ˈsentəmənts/

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

ship-wrecked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

temperaturenounUS /ˈtemprətʃər/

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Pestilence then made a pause in her death-dealing career.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

uncommonlyadverbUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːmənli/

exceptionally

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

unhealthyadjectiveUS /ənˈhelθi/

not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

unnaturaladjectiveUS /ənˈnætʃərəl/

not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature

From this reading This promise of a renewed lease of life turned rugged natures to melting tenderness, and by contrast filled the soft with harsh and unnatural sentiments.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Half England was desolate, when October came, and the equinoctial winds swept over the earth, chilling the ardours of the unhealthy season.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The summer, which was uncommonly hot, had been protracted into the beginning of this month, when on the eighteenth a sudden change was brought about from summer temperature to winter frost.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Gasping, not daring to name our hopes, yet full even to the brim with intense expectation, we stood, as a ship-wrecked sailor stands on a barren rock islanded by the ocean, watching a distant vessel, fancying that now it nears, and then again that it is bearing from sight.

Chapter 20 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 253 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Last Man contain?

Chapter 20 holds 253 sentences of The Last Man, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 253 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Last Man?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Man

Common questions about reading The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Man?

Yes. All 6659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18247 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18247, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Man take to read?

About 554 minutes of reading across 1332 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Man section by section

How to work through The Last Man section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Last Man to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloud-enshadowed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.