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The Last Man
The Last Man

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Last Man is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.
She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.
She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.
It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.
The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last Man

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Last Man is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.
Line 2
She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.
Line 3
She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.
/ʃiː kɔːld ˈeɪdriən maɪ kaʊtʃ wɑːz ˈkwɪkli sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ frendz ənd əˈsɪstənts ənd sʌtʃ ˈmedəsənz æz wɜːr dʒʌdʒd ˈfɪtɪŋ wɜːr ədˈmɪnəstərd/
Line 4
It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə pəˈkjuːljər ənd ˈdredfəl dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ʌv ˈaʊər ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən ðæt nʌn huː hæd bɪn əˈtækt baɪ ðə ˈpestələns hæd rəˈkʌvərd/
Line 5
The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

administered verb US /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading “She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.”

alleviation noun US /əˌliːviˈeɪʃən/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading “She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.”

assistants noun US /əˈsɪstənts/

plural of “assistant” — a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.”

medicines noun US /ˈmedəsənz/

plural of “medicine” — the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading “She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.”

pestilence noun US /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.”

reprieve noun US /riˈpriːv/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading “The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.”

symptom noun US /ˈsɪmptəm/

(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

From this reading “The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.”

visitation noun US /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/

an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading “It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

administeredverbUS /ədˈmɪnəstərd/

past form of “administer” — work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

AdriannounUS /ˈeɪdriən/

Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

alleviationnounUS /əˌliːviˈeɪʃən/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

assistantsnounUS /əˈsɪstənts/

plural of “assistant” — a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

awokeverbUS /əˈwoʊk/

inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

couchnounUS /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

death-warrant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

fittingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

Idris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

medicinesnounUS /ˈmedəsənz/

plural of “medicine” — the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

pardonverbUS /ˈpɑːrdən/

accept an excuse for

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

pestilencenounUS /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

recoveredadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

reprievenounUS /riˈpriːv/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

sufferingsnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋz/

plural of “suffering” — a state of acute pain

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

symptomnounUS /ˈsɪmptəm/

(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

visitationnounUS /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/

an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She called Adrian; my couch was quickly surrounded by friends and assistants, and such medicines as were judged fitting were administered.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first symptom of the disease was the death-warrant, which in no single instance had been followed by pardon or reprieve.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was the peculiar and dreadful distinction of our visitation, that none who had been attacked by the pestilence had recovered.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading She saw the signs of disease on my countenance, and wondered how she could permit the long night to pass without her having sought, not cure, that was impossible, but alleviation to my sufferings.

Chapter 23 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 286 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Last Man contain?

Chapter 23 holds 286 sentences of The Last Man, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 286 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Last Man?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last Man

Common questions about reading The Last Man by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last Man?

Yes. All 6659 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18247 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18247, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last Man take to read?

About 554 minutes of reading across 1332 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last Man section by section

How to work through The Last Man section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Last Man to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sea-surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloud-enshadowed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.