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The Last of the Barons — Complete
The Last of the Barons — Complete

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.
296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.
He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.
Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.
Edward, as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Barons — Complete

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edwardhad the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.
Line 2
296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.
Line 3
He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.
Line 4
Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.
Line 5
Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”
/ˈedwərd æz ðə ˈflæʃɪz ʌv ðə ɡʌnz ˌɪˈluːmənd baɪ fɪts ðə ɡluːm ʌv ˈmɪdnaɪt sɔː ðə ædˈvæntɪdʒ ʌv hɪz ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl ˈerər ənd tuː prɪˈvent ˈwɔːrwɪk frʌm dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ ɪt riˈɪtəreɪtɪd hɪz ˈɔːrdərz fɔːr ðə moʊst proʊˈfaʊnd ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

earl's noun US /ɜːrlz/

possessive form of “earl” — a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

Edward's noun US /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

gunners noun US /ˈɡʌnərz/

plural of “gunner” — a serviceman in the artillery

From this reading “Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.”

palisades noun US /ˌpælɪˈseɪdz/

plural of “palisade” — fortification consisting of a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground

From this reading “296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.”

provident adjective US /ˈprɑːvɪdənt/

providing carefully for the future

From this reading “Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.”

unintentional adjective US /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading “Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.””

unopposed adjective US /ˌʌnəˈpoʊzd/

not having opposition or an opponent

From this reading “He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.”

Warwick's noun US /ˈwɔːrwɪks/

possessive form of “warwick” — English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

296

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

bombards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

cannonadenoun

intense and continuous artillery fire

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

discoveringverbUS /dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ/

-ing form of “discover” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

earlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

earl'snounUS /ɜːrlz/

possessive form of “earl” — a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

Edward'snounUS /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

environed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

errornounUS /ˈerər/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

fitsnounUS /fɪts/

plural of “fit” — a display of bad temper

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

flashesnounUS /ˈflæʃɪz/

plural of “flash” — a sudden intense burst of radiant energy

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

Gladsmoor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

gloomnounUS /ɡluːm/

a state of partial or total darkness

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

gunnersnounUS /ˈɡʌnərz/

plural of “gunner” — a serviceman in the artillery

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

Hadley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

HALLnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

heathnounUS /hiːθ/

a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

illuminedverbUS /ˌɪˈluːmənd/

past form of “illumine” — make lighter or brighter

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

mistakenounUS /mɪˈsteɪk/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

mistookverbUS /mɪˈstʊk/

inflected form of “mistake” — identify incorrectly

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

opposedadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzd/

being in opposition or having an opponent

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

palisadesnounUS /ˌpælɪˈseɪdz/

plural of “palisade” — fortification consisting of a strong fence made of stakes driven into the ground

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

providentadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːvɪdənt/

providing carefully for the future

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

reiteratedverbUS /riˈɪtəreɪtɪd/

past form of “reiterate” — to say, state, or perform again

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

stationedverbUS /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

supposingverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

unintentionaladjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

unopposedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈpoʊzd/

not having opposition or an opponent

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading In the profound darkness of the night and the thick fog, Edward had stationed his men at a venture upon the heath at Gladsmoor, [Edward “had the greater number of men.”--HALL, p.

WarwicknounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading Edward, “as the flashes of the guns illumined by fits the gloom of midnight, saw the advantage of his unintentional error; and to prevent Warwick from discovering it, reiterated his orders for the most profound silence.”

Warwick'snounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪks/

possessive form of “warwick” — English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Most fortunate for Edward was this mistake; for Warwick’s artillery, and the new and deadly bombards he had constructed, were placed on the right of the earl’s army; and the provident earl, naturally supposing Edward’s left was there opposed to him, ordered his gunners to cannonade all night.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had intended to have rested immediately in front of the foe, but, in the darkness, mistook the extent of the hostile line; and his men were ranged only opposite to the left side of the earl’s force (towards Hadley), leaving the right unopposed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 296.] and hastily environed the camp with palisades and trenches.

Chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete contain?

Chapter 36 holds 138 sentences of The Last of the Barons — Complete, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The Last of the Barons — Complete?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #7727, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Barons — Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2010 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Barons — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Barons — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wanderers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Exiles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.