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The Last of the Barons — Volume 05
The Last of the Barons — Volume 05

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Last of the Barons — Volume 05
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.
Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.
Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.
In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.
The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Barons — Volume 05

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.
Line 2
Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.
Line 3
Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.
Line 4
In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.
/ɪn ə ˈvæli tuː ðə left ə fʊl vjuː ʌv wɪtʃ ðə stiːp roʊd kəˈmændɪd wer naʊ rɔːrz ðə dɪn ʌv treɪd θruː ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈfæktəriz leɪ ə lɔːŋ sɪˈkluːdɪd ˈvɪlədʒ/
Line 5
The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cavalcade noun US /ˈkævəlkeɪd/

a procession of people traveling on horseback

From this reading “Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.”

elm noun US /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading “The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.”

factories noun US /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading “In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.”

gradual adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading “Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.”

perishable noun US /ˈperɪʃəbəl/

food that will decay rapidly if not refrigerated

From this reading “The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.”

plum adverb US /plʌm/

exactly

From this reading “The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.”

roars noun US /rɔːrz/

plural of “roar” — a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading “In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.”

secluded adjective US /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

hidden from general view or use

From this reading “In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1468

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

AGESnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

ascentnounUS /əˈsent/

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

AutumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

bathedverbUS /beɪðd/

past form of “bathe” — cleanse the entire body

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

CASTLEnounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

cavalcadenounUS /ˈkævəlkeɪd/

a procession of people traveling on horseback

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

DifferentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

dinnounUS /dɪn/

a loud harsh or strident noise

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

elmnounUS /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

factoriesnounUS /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

MIDDLEnounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

MIDDLEHAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

NOBLEadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

perishablenounUS /ˈperɪʃəbəl/

food that will decay rapidly if not refrigerated

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

plumadverbUS /plʌm/

exactly

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

roarsnounUS /rɔːrz/

plural of “roar” — a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

RURALadjectiveUS /ˈrʊrəl/

living in or characteristic of farming or country life

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

sallowadjective

unhealthy looking

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

secludedadjectiveUS /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

hidden from general view or use

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

SEEKverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

smilesnounUS /smaɪlz/

plural of “smile” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

VISITORSnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading RURAL ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES--NOBLE VISITORS SEEK THE CASTLE OF MIDDLEHAM.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

westering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In a valley to the left, a full view of which the steep road commanded (where now roars the din of trade through a thousand factories), lay a long, secluded village.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Different, indeed, from the aspect which that part of the country now presents was the landscape that lay around them, bathed in the smiles of the westering sun.

willownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Autumn had succeeded to summer, winter to autumn, and the spring of 1468 was green in England, when a gallant cavalcade was seen slowly winding the ascent of a long and gradual hill, towards the decline of day.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The houses, if so they might be called, were constructed entirely of wood, and that of the more perishable kind,--willow, sallow, elm, and plum- tree.

Chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 111 sentences of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 05

Common questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05?

Yes. All 383 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7719 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7719, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 take to read?

About 31 minutes of reading across 77 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 section by section

How to work through The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 05

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 05, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ages--noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 05; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.