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The Last of the Barons — Volume 10
The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Last of the Barons — Volume 10
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.
Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.
A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.
A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.
The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.
Line 2
Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.
/ˈheɪstɪŋz felt rɪˈliːvd wen ðə nekst deɪ ˈsevrəl ˈkɜːriərz ərˈaɪvd wɪð ˈtaɪdɪŋz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt æz tuː mɜːrdʒ ɔːl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ˈɪntuː ðoʊz ʌv steɪt/
Line 3
A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.
Line 4
A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.
Line 5
The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.
/ðə ɡeɪ ənd ˈrekləs prɪˈzʌmpʃən ʌv ˈedwərd ˈwɜːrðiər ʌv ə naɪt ˈerənt ðæn ə ˈmɑːnɑːrk læft æt ðə wɜːrd ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attesting verb US /əˈtestɪŋ/

-ing form of “attest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading “A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.”

Charles's noun US /ˈtʃɑːrlzɪz/

possessive form of “charles” — King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading “A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.”

couriers noun US /ˈkɜːriərz/

plural of “courier” — a person who carries a message

From this reading “Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.”

errant adjective US /ˈerənt/

straying from the right course or from accepted standards

From this reading “The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.”

merge verb US /mɜːrdʒ/

become one

From this reading “Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.”

rated verb US /ˈreɪtɪd/

past form of “rate” — assign a rank or rating to

From this reading “A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.”

suitably adverb US /ˈsuːtəbli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading “A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.”

Warwick's noun US /ˈwɔːrwɪks/

possessive form of “warwick” — English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading “A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

Anne'snounUS /ænz/

possessive form of “anne” — Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

attestingverbUS /əˈtestɪŋ/

-ing form of “attest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

betrothalnoun

a mutual promise to marry

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

BETWEENprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

BurgundynounUS /ˈbɜːrɡəndi/

a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

Charles'snounUS /ˈtʃɑːrlzɪz/

possessive form of “charles” — King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

ClarencenounUS /ˈklerəns/

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

COMMENCESverbUS /kəˈmensəz/

third-person singular of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

considerationsnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “consideration” — the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

convulsiveadjectiveUS /kənˈvʌlsɪv/

affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

couriersnounUS /ˈkɜːriərz/

plural of “courier” — a person who carries a message

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

COURTEDverbUS /ˈkɔːrtɪd/

past form of “court” — make amorous advances towards

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

dissimulationnoun

the act of deceiving

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

EARNESTadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

errantadjectiveUS /ˈerənt/

straying from the right course or from accepted standards

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

GloucesternounUS /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

HastingsnounUS /ˈheɪstɪŋz/

United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

HERSELFpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

KATHERINE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

mergeverbUS /mɜːrdʒ/

become one

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

messengernounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

passionsnounUS /ˈpæʃənz/

plural of “passion” — a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

presumptionnounUS /prɪˈzʌmpʃən/

an assumption that is taken for granted

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

ratedverbUS /ˈreɪtɪd/

past form of “rate” — assign a rank or rating to

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

relievedadjectiveUS /rɪˈliːvd/

(of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

SERIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

sharplyadverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpli/

in an aggressive manner

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

SIBYLL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

spyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

STRIFEnounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

suitablyadverbUS /ˈsuːtəbli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

supineness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

Warwick'snounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪks/

possessive form of “warwick” — English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading A letter from Burgundy confirmed the report of the spy, announced Duke Charles's intention of sending a fleet to prevent Warwick's invasion, and rated King Edward sharply for his supineness in not preparing suitably against so formidable a foe.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A secret messenger from the French court threw Gloucester into one of those convulsive passions of rage, to which, with all his intellect and dissimulation, he was sometimes subject, by the news of Anne's betrothal to Prince Edward; nor did the letter from Clarence to the king, attesting the success of one of his schemes, comfort Richard for the failure of the other.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE STRIFE WHICH SIBYLL HAD COURTED, BETWEEN KATHERINE AND HERSELF, COMMENCES IN SERIOUS EARNEST.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hastings felt relieved when, the next day, several couriers arrived with tidings so important as to merge all considerations into those of state.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

worthieradjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrðiər/

comparative of “worthy” — having worth or merit or value; being honorable or admirable

From this reading The gay and reckless presumption of Edward, worthier of a knight- errant than a monarch, laughed at the word invasion.

Chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 98 sentences of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Common questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10?

Yes. All 970 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7724 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7724, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 take to read?

About 80 minutes of reading across 194 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 section by section

How to work through The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 10, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Maid's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Courtier's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sage's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comfort
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.