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The Last of the Barons — Volume 10
The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.
It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.
The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.
To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.
They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.
/ðə dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz ʌv ˈmeɪər ənd ˈkaʊnsəl waɪl lɔːrd ˈwɔːrwɪk ˈmɑːrtʃɪz əˈpɑːn ˈlʌndən/
Line 2
It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.
Line 3
The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.
Line 4
To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.
/tuː ðə ˈpɜːrsɪnəl lʌv wɪtʃ ðə ˈɡreɪtər pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdi bɔːr tuː ðə jʌŋ ənd ˈkɜːrtiəs kɪŋ wɑːz ˈædəd ðə ˈterər wɪtʃ ðə ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃən ˈdʒʌstli ˌentərˈteɪnd ʌv ðə ˌlæŋˈkæstriən ˈfækʃən/
Line 5
They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aldermen noun US /ˈɔːldərmɪn/

plural of “alderman” — a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council)

From this reading “The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.”

condemning adjective US /kənˈdemɪŋ/

containing or imposing condemnation or censure

From this reading “They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.”

deliberations noun US /dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deliberation” — (usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

From this reading “THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.”

grudgingly adverb US /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋli/

in a grudging manner

From this reading “They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.”

Guild noun US /ɡɪld/

a formal association of people with similar interests

From this reading “It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.”

Lancastrian noun US /ˌlæŋˈkæstriən/

a member (or supporter) of the house of Lancaster

From this reading “To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.”

magnates noun US /ˈmæɡneɪts/

plural of “magnate” — a very wealthy or powerful businessman

From this reading “The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.”

pillage noun US /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading “They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1461

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

1470

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

aldermennounUS /ˈɔːldərmɪn/

plural of “alderman” — a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council)

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

announceverbUS /əˈnaʊns/

make known; make an announcement

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

breathlessadjectiveUS /ˈbreθləs/

not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

condemningadjectiveUS /kənˈdemɪŋ/

containing or imposing condemnation or censure

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

corporationnounUS /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃən/

a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

COUNCILnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

courteousadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrtiəs/

exhibiting courtesy and politeness

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

DELIBERATIONSnounUS /dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deliberation” — (usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

excessesnounUS /ˌekˈsesɪz/

plural of “excess” — a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

factionnounUS /ˈfækʃən/

a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

grocernounUS /ˈɡroʊsər/

a retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies)

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

grudginglyadverbUS /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋli/

in a grudging manner

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

GuildnounUS /ɡɪld/

a formal association of people with similar interests

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

hastenounUS /heɪst/

overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

jadedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒeɪdəd/

exhausted

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

justlyadverbUS /ˈdʒʌstli/

with honesty

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

LancastriannounUS /ˌlæŋˈkæstriən/

a member (or supporter) of the house of Lancaster

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

LORDnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

magnatesnounUS /ˈmæɡneɪts/

plural of “magnate” — a very wealthy or powerful businessman

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

MARCHESnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪz/

a region in central Italy

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

MAYORnounUS /ˈmeɪər/

the head of a city government

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

metropolisnounUS /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

pallverbUS /pɑːl/

become less interesting or attractive

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

pantingnounUS /ˈpæntɪŋ/

breathing heavily (as after exertion)

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

pillagenounUS /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

restrainedadjectiveUS /riˈstreɪnd/

cool and formal in manner

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

revoltedverbUS /rɪˈvoʊltɪd/

past form of “revolt” — make revolution

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

robesnounUS /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

sacknounUS /sæk/

a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

scoutsnounUS /skaʊts/

plural of “scout” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

steedsnounUS /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

UPONprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

velvetnounUS /ˈvelvət/

a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

WARWICKnounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They remembered the dreadful excesses which Margaret had permitted to her army in the year 1461,--what time, to use the expression of the old historian, "the wealth of London looked pale;" and how grudgingly she had been restrained from condemning her revolted metropolis to the horrors of sack and pillage.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

WHILEconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading THE DELIBERATIONS OF MAYOR AND COUNCIL, WHILE LORD WARWICK MARCHES UPON LONDON.

worshipfuladjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrʃəpfəl/

showing adoration

From this reading It was a clear and bright day in the first week of October, 1470, when the various scouts employed by the mayor and council of London came back to the Guild, at which that worshipful corporation were assembled,--their steeds blown and jaded, themselves panting and breathless,--to announce the rapid march of the Earl of Warwick.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The lord mayor of that year, Richard Lee, grocer and citizen, sat in the venerable hall in a huge leather chair, over which a pall of velvet had been thrown in haste, clad in his robes of state, and surrounded by his aldermen and the magnates of the city.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading To the personal love which the greater part of the body bore to the young and courteous king was added the terror which the corporation justly entertained of the Lancastrian faction.

Chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 contain?

Chapter 9 holds 107 sentences of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Common questions about reading The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10?

Yes. All 970 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7724 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7724, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 take to read?

About 80 minutes of reading across 194 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 section by section

How to work through The Last of the Barons — Volume 10 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 10

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Last of the Barons — Volume 10, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Maid's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Courtier's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sage's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comfort
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Last of the Barons — Volume 10; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.